从实践理性到理性实践： 比较、比较法与法治实践

从个体人生和人类活动同为经历与试错过程这一人类学观察入手,可推导出比较法对于人类法治的独特价值和意义。就法律而言,不同族群的法律制度、组织、行为和观念等必然主要依赖并体现各自族群的经历与试错;比较法可以从他者的经历与试错中吸取经验教训,克服自身的局限,因而有助于促进人类活动从实践理性到理性实践的发展进程,与美国实践主义等主流哲学思潮不谋而合。而在比较法学领域,部门比较法最能体现从实践理性到理性实践这一重要特征,亟须得到构建和加强,从而实质性地推动法治的建立。我国法治实践也同样呈现出从实践理性到理性实践的发展趋势,而中国法治实践学派的兴起与使命正是推动法治中国实践的理性化。     

Organic Public Sociology in the Pragmatist Perspective: A Multifaceted Approach

This article argues that American pragmatism provides a model for organic public sociology, defined by Michael Burawoy as the sociologist's direct involvement with a group in a collaborative effort to bring about change, which permits and encourages a combined professional research and activist project. I use my project involving medical licensing and disciplinary boards to illustrate how those projects can be successfully combined. I served as a public member, conducted research, and was an advocate for change.     

论文化叙事——兼评刘易斯《大街》等四部小说的文化叙事特征

从文化叙事的角度对辛克莱·刘易斯的小说进行分析,可以揭示被批评界所忽略的刘易斯小说之重要文化主题和艺术风格。笔者提出＂现代现实主义＂的新概念,认为《大街》等小说生动地呈现了美国民族＂集理想主义和实用主义于一体＂的文化特征,创造了具有高度艺术性的＂现代现实主义＂的叙事策略。     

实用主义哲学对现代教育理论发展的影响——威廉·詹姆士《实用主义》研读

实用主义哲学思想具有世界范围内的巨大影响。中国对实用主义的认识还是从约翰.杜威开始的。然而,威廉.詹姆士的作用不能低估。威廉.詹姆士的实用主义哲学思想对现代教育理论发展的重要启示是：必须注重教师和学生个体的独立性,教学应是教师＂哲学思考的方法＂,而学生应可以选择学习的内容和过程;必须强调教师和学生都具有不同的＂气质＂,教学活动其实就是一种＂气质＂冲突和协调的过程;必须认识教育在本质上就是经验的不断积累,但又需要承认教授间接知识具有与直接经验同等的重要价值。     

胡适的实用主义对“五四”时期中国的影响及其启示

胡适的经验主义实在观彰显了人的主体性原则;工具主义真理观否定了终极真理论;重疑求证的方法论突出了理性主义精神;改良主义历史观表达了反封建的积极性和战斗力,因此胡适的实用主义在＂五四＂时期的中国曾被广大知识分子接受,它无情冲击封建文化的堡垒,大力破除封建思想的束缚,在与马克思主义的争论中促使中国早期马克思主义者对马克思主义中国化问题进行了初步的探索,对＂五四＂时期的中国产生了极为深远的影响,为我国新文化运动的开展起到了积极的推动作用,对当今社会具有重要启示。     

试论黄炎培实用主义教育思想在中国近代教育思想史上的地位

1913年6月,美国教育家孟禄来华之行是实用主义在中国近代教育思想史上首次传播的标志.在孟禄的直接影响下,黄炎培发表了<学校教育采用实用主义之商榷>一文,掀起了中国近代思想史上第一次实用主义教育热潮,开启了近代中国近代教育思想的新篇章.黄炎培实用主义教育思想之所以在中国近代教育思想史上占有重要一席之地,既是因为它适应了当时的历史内在需求,也来自于实用主义自身内部的积极因素.     

Activating Controlling Images in the Racialized Interaction Order: Black Middle‐Class Interactions and the Creativity of Racist Action

This paper investigates the link between the racial hierarchy and the racialized interaction order, questioning how controlling images of blackness are mediated in interactions. I explore this through interviews with thirty‐two black British middle‐class individuals, examining their interactions in the professional workplace. I argue that white people often draw on a practical knowledge of “white ignorance” to activate controlling images in their interactions with black professionals. This white ignorance allows for white people to find creative ways to irrationally deploy controlling images, and to adapt controlling images to specific interactional settings.     

Expanding the Reflexive Space: Resilient Young Adults,Institutional Cultures,and Cognitive Schemas

For many U.S. young adults, being resilient to stressful events hinges on making meaning of such events and thereby minimizing their negative emotional impact. Yet why are some better able to do this than others? In this study, which uses an innovative outlier sampling strategy and linked survey and interview data, we argue that one important factor is connection to institutional cultures associated with higher education, religion/spirituality, and the military. Such cultures provide material for the development of cognitive schemas that can be adopted and applied to their stressful experiences, which include narratives of social progress, divine providence, and self‐discipline. Using a metaphor adapted from the pragmatist philosopher Charles Sanders Peirce, we argue the resulting schemas have the effect of “expanding the space” of reflexive thought, providing new cognitive material for interpreting stress and supporting resilience. Finally, we argue this framing improves in several ways on the concept of meaning making often used in stress process research.     

From starving artist to entrepreneur. Justificatory pluralism in visual artists' grant proposals

Inspired by French pragmatism and using Bourdieu's notion of “refraction” as an indication of a field's autonomy, we explore in-depth what kinds of justifications visual artists deploy to legitimate their requests for government money. Based on 494 government grant proposals from visual artists between 1965 and 2015 in Belgium, we find six such justifications. The reputational, esthetic, and romantic justifications are grounded in autonomous criteria of worth, such as artistic CVs, the work of art itself, and a compulsive desire to make art. Since the 90s, social, academic, and entrepreneurial justifications bring in heteronomous criteria, or refractions of field-external values. Artistic practices become increasingly legitimized through engagement with social/political issues, academic methods and terminology, and an entrepreneurial spirit. We empirically show how the refraction of governmental logics is multi-faceted, yet always related to or combined with artistic concerns, which we interpret as characteristic for the artistic field's persisting autonomy in the face of heteronomous pressures.     

上帝——体悟美国文化的钥匙

要理解美国文化 ,首先要了解上帝在多数美国人心目中不可动摇的地位。从精神世界角度看 ,上帝是美国民族的精神食粮 ;从道德标准角度看 ,上帝是美国民族的价值尺度 ;从理性追求角度看 ,上帝是美国自由主义的保护神 ;从哲学伦理角度看 ,上帝是美国实用主义的精神基础 ;从国家体制角度看 ,上帝是美国政治制度的道德屏障 ;从民族关系和对外关系角度看 ,上帝是美国民族主义的力量源泉。造就和支撑美国文明的精神力量就是上帝。上帝是美国文明大厦的精神支柱 ,美国民族不可动摇的信仰。