皮尔士实用主义哲学中的感知论

皮尔士的实用主义哲学包括皮尔士意义理论、皮尔士科学哲学和皮尔士范畴理论及其符号学理论。通过对皮尔士实用主义哲学不同层面的考察发现,感知贯穿于皮尔士实用主义哲学始终,是建构皮尔士实用主义哲学的核心概念。     

Experiments with truth. A sociological variation on William James's Varieties of Religious Experience

William James's Varieties of Religious Experience is a classic psycho‐philosophical study of the experience of the sacred and of its practical effects on the ordinary life of extraordinary persons. In a pragmatic variation of Kant's proof of god's existence, James uses personal accounts of converts to empirically demonstrate that there's “something” that has causal effects on the well‐being of the person. While the article is largely sympathetic to James explorations of the mystical, it offers a sociological variation on the Varieties that foregrounds the social, cultural and political aspects of religion.     

Responsible pragmatism in Turkish social policy making in the face of Islamic egalitarianism and neoliberal austerity

Akan T. Responsible pragmatism in Turkish social policy making in the face of Islamic egalitarianism and neoliberal austerity Int J Soc Welfare 2011: 20: 367–380 © 2011 The Author(s), International Journal of Social Welfare © 2011 Blackwell Publishing Ltd and the International Journal of Social Welfare. Founded in August 2001, the Justice and Development Party of Turkey (JDP) has forged a brand new identity, the Conservative Democracy, and initiated challenging politico‐economic reforms since November 2002 when it came to power. Among these reforms, the social policies of the Conservative Democrats have intriguingly yielded mixed blessings of a strategic settlement between equality of outcome and opportunity. This article argues that such a result originated from the commodification by the Conservative Democrats of the Islamic egalitarianism of ‘the Just Order’, the politico‐economic programme to which the JDP's leaders were strictly committed before becoming the Conservative Democrats. Entitling the social policy strategy of JDP as ‘Responsible Pragmatism’, this article concludes that it was an unsustainable but flexible social policy strategy that has gone as far as it can, now, on the eve of the 2011 general elections.     

Genocide Reconsidered: A Pragmatist Approach

The recent literature on genocide shows signs of taking what might be called a “processual turn,” with genocide increasingly understood as a contingent process rather than a singular event. But while this second generation's turn may be clear to those within the literature, the theory guiding the change is insufficiently specified. The theory regarding process and contingency is implicit, and, as such, genocide theory does not realize its full generative potential. The primary goal of this article is to provide a more robust theoretical framework for making sense of the continually evolving dimensions of genocide. It builds on the literature's existing foundations, most notably Mann's (2005) notion of “contingent escalations.” In the spirit of the recent revival of American Pragmatism in sociology, it draws on the work of Dewey, Mills, Follett, and Addams (among others) as part of a theoretical reconstruction using pragmatist concepts such as rupture, perplexity, vocabularies of motive, and experimentation to consider examples from the Rwandan genocide and show how we might explore the potential for non‐teleological intentionality on the part of genocidal actors. The result is an enhanced theoretical framework that offers “fresh eyes” for considering one of the worst (and most under‐theorized) social problems.     

西学东渐:论美国实用主义伦理思潮在中国

美国实用主义伦理思潮在我国的西学东渐至今已近百年。从历史沿革的角度来看,这个过程可分为该思潮被引入、被批判、被反思和被借鉴四个阶段。从理论变迁的角度来看,这个过程呈现出对该思潮代表人物思想的研究、该思潮与其他思潮观点的比较研究、该思潮在中国的传播及影响的研究,以及该思潮的整体性研究等四个不同主题。探究这段历史进程的原貌,发现其中的特征和规律,进而提出未来发展的趋势、需要注意的问题和需要改进的方面,对于我国当代伦理学的理论建构和实践探讨都具有重要的意义。     

中国近现代文学的道德叙事批判

中国近现代文学真正的“宏大叙事”是道德叙事。近代文学道德叙事的实质内涵表现为“道德至上,私德优先”。五四文学虽然以“提倡新道德,反对旧道德”为叙事转换的革命性标志,但传统道德的某些根本价值原则仍然在深层结构中起着决定性作用,即使对新道德的高扬也在道德/艺术思维方式上与传统道德叙事纠缠不清。一方面它是“道德至上”审美原则的超常延伸;另一方面它又将近代道德叙事发展为审美上的道德实用主义叙事。     

胡适的实在观与方法论

胡适的实用主义实在观高扬主体性原则 ,突破了中国传统哲学天人合一的思维模式 ;胡适的实用主义方法论倡导实证原则 ,突破了“代圣贤立言”的框架 ,具有呼吁思想解放的意义。他从这两个方面入手 ,开启了现代中国实证哲学思潮的发展方向。     

社群共同体之“公共善”何以具有优先性——“实用主义”政治伦理信念的正当性辨析

在有关社群共同体生活的政治伦理信念和道德价值之维的根据与合理性问题上,实用生义哲学基于公共善本位的“有效性思维”理论,用所谓“统一的经验整体”的理论,厘清了“社会”与社群“共同体”的合理关系问题.在政治伦理的价值信念问题上,实用主义致力于个体利益与社会利益的实践整合,将社会正义视为社群共同体的最高德性,以此实现对民主共同体之生活模式的构筑以及“民主化了的个人形象”的实践塑造.实用主义有关正确划定“政治国家”和社群共同体边界的思想,对身处现代性进程中的中国社会克服狭隘经验主义与功利主义等的社会伦理观,具有重要的启发与借鉴意义.     

当今美国实在论的自然主义和实用主义倾向

自然主义已经成为当代美国哲学的重要特征。在这一特征的形成过程中 ,批判的实在论者尤其是恩斯特·内格尔的理论观点产生了重要影响。在当今美国哲学中 ,存在着一种从实用主义的角度重新解释实在论的倾向。普特南哲学的转变及其与罗蒂关于相对主义的争论 ,就充分表现出这种倾向。在当代美国哲学家看来 ,实在论、自然主义和实用主义在哲学基本倾向上是一致的 ,它们之间的关系可以解释为一种以实用主义为主导精神、实在论为基本态度、自然主义为思想方法的美国特有的生活方式     

中西实用观的比较

实用是人类的共同追求,但实用观中西有别。中国人历来推崇道德理念及其践履,目的在于经世医国;西方人历来崇尚自然知识及其应用,目的在于驾驭自然。中国人重直观、体验、顿悟;西方人重实验、实证,用行动的效果来判定概念的意义。中国人重义轻利,强调个人服从家、国利益;西方人重功利,颂扬自利与利他的统一。中国传统实用思想植根于自然经济并为之服务;西方实用思想植根于市场经济并为之服务。直到近现代,在经济全球化的今天,中西实用观才缓缓趋同。