An adjusted cumulative Kullback-Leibler information with application to test of exponentiality

Abstract

In order to discriminate between two probability distributions extensions of Kullback–Leibler (KL) information have been proposed in the literature. In recent years, an extension called cumulative Kullback–Leibler (CKL) information is considered by authors which is closely related to equilibrium distributions. In this paper, we propose an adjusted version of CKL based on equilibrium distributions. Some properties of the proposed measure of divergence are investigated. A test of exponentiality based on the adjusted measure, is proposed. The empirical power of the presented test is calculated and compared with some existing standard tests of exponentiality. The results show that our proposed test, for some important alternative distributions, has better performance than some of the existing tests.     

Old Age Care Preferences Among Chinese Middle-Aged Single-Child Parents and the Related Policy Implications

We contrast rural and urban single-child parents’ old age care preferences and factors determining their preferences. The results show that single-child parents are more likely to report specific old age preferences than parents with multiple children; urban single-child parents are also more likely to have specific old age care preferences than their rural counterparts. Pension/social insurance is most preferred by urban single-child parents; whereas the preferences of rural single-child parents are more diverse. The most significant rural and urban differences lie in the effects of social and medical insurance on the respondents’ selection of care sources. Policy implications are discussed in the end.     

生育水平、性别偏好和出生性别比——兼论出生性别比的监测方法

本研究以马-冯-陈模型为定性基础,认为一定人口的出生性别比并非固定不变,而是受到生育水平的影响。当无性别偏好时,生育水平主要通过改变不同孩次占出生人口比例的方式影响出生性别比;当有性别偏好时,生育水平既影响不同孩次占总出生人口的比例,又影响不同孩次的出生性别比,从而对总出生性别比产生影响。对于没有性别偏好和性别选择行为的人口,生育水平变化是引起出生性别比波动的主要原因。有性别选择行为时,生育水平变化对出生性别比的影响较小,性别选择行为是出生性别比异常的主要原因。监测以"曾生子女孩次和性别次序"为条件划分的人群,可以有效而便捷地判断出生性别比变化趋势。     

Life-Satisfaction and Preference Drift

In this paper an empirical model is presented thataccounts for adaptation behavior in self-reports onlife-satisfaction. The model is used to determinepreference drift – adaptation to income levels – inlife-satisfaction. With preference drift, the effectof income on life satisfaction varies with the levelof life satisfaction. It is found that preferencedrift mainly occurs among individuals with a highlevel of life-satisfaction.     

农村人口出生性别比偏高的原因及治理对策——以沂蒙山区BWZ村为例

本文通过在BWZ村的实地调查,主要是观察和访谈,发现当前农村人口出生性别比不断升高是当前的生育政策、传统的生育观念、村落文化和医疗技术的进步以及政府监管的漏洞等多方面因素共同作用的结果,提出了建立偏重纯女户家庭的养老保障、加强对B超检测技术的监管和提高村计生专职主任工资等可行性的建议。     

Ranking Income Distributions by Deprivation Orderings

This paper has examined the problem of ranking income distributions using absolute deprivation ordering. It appears that the ranking of distributions by this ordering may be more unambiguous than that generated by the relative deprivation ordering. The class of average deprivation indices consistent with the absolute deprivation criterion is also identified.     

借鉴英国资本利得征税办法的几点建议

随着经济的发展和财富的积累,个人拥有的资产越来越多,处置资产的资本利得也日益增多,个人处置财产利得的征税问题就尤显重要。近几年,二手房转让的涉税规定多次变动,股票期权和限售股减持征税补充规定频繁发布,说明我国应尽快出台完善而稳定的财产所得征税规定。借鉴英国成熟的做法,完善我国资本利得征税体制势在必行。     

旅华女性市场竞争态-偏好动态研究

以《中国旅游统计年鉴》11年的统计数据为依据,以日本、韩国、美国等15个我国主要入境旅游客源国为研究对象,分析了旅华女性市场的16种竞争格局,探讨了不同客源国女性市场对中国的偏好程度,并以此为基础从其市场竞争态和旅游偏好双项维度进行了交叉分析。结果显示,我国缺乏比较偏好-金牛类市场、比较偏好-明星类市场和高偏好-明星类市场,高偏好-金牛类市场稀少,仅有俄罗斯、日本和韩国旅华女性市场分别是我国的金牛类市场和明星类市场,但其相对偏好指数低。旅华女性市场呈现明显的近邻效应,偏好高的绝大多数为周边国家,且市场增长率较快,因此具有较强的市场开发潜力。     

基于需求相似理论的内容产业对外贸易战略选择

内容产业作为一个新的产业形态,在中国刚刚萌芽发育,但作为数字化背景下最具发展前景的产业方向,其反映了经济全球化进程中的产业结构变革趋势。当前,中国内容市场的巨大需求与内容生产匮乏间存在反差,对外内容产品贸易近年来连续出现严重逆差,因此,文章对林德的需求相似理论进行了扩展,建立了一个当前背景下中国内容产品对外贸易的理论模型,进而基于此提出我国内容产业对外贸易战略的现实选择。     

教育偏好、教育价格、人口结构与山西城镇居民预防性储蓄动机

将Zeldes和Dynan的模型进行了融合,结合山西的实际情况,对山西城镇居民的预防性储蓄动机进行了估计,同时与全国城镇居民的预防性储蓄动机强度进行了比较.结果显示,山西城镇居民的预防性储蓄动机强度大大高于全国城镇居民.在对相关的统计数据详细分析之后,发现目前和未来潜在的教育支出所带来的流动性约束是导致山西城镇居民行为更加谨慎的重要原因.教育偏好、教育价格与人口结构等因素交织在一起使山西居民的预防性储蓄动机强度超过了全国平均水平.