A Paradox for the “Smooth Ambiguity” Model of Preference

Two Ellsberg‐style thought experiments are described that reflect on the smooth ambiguity decision model developed by Klibanoff, Marinacci, and Mukerji (2005). The first experiment poses difficulties for the model's axiomatic foundations and, as a result, also for its interpretation, particularly for the claim that the model achieves a separation between ambiguity and the attitude toward ambiguity. Given the problematic nature of its foundations, the behavioral content of the model and how it differs from multiple priors, for example, are not clear. The second thought experiment casts some light on these questions.     

政府补偿下基于私人公平偏好的PPP项目投资决策分析

针对PPP （Private-Public Partnership）项目收益的不确定性,引入政府补偿契约问题。考虑私人投资者对政府补偿存在公平偏好倾向,借鉴BO模型的思想,将私人投资要求的特许收益作为其公平参考点,并通过对FS模型加以改进,构建私人公平偏好效用函数,从而给出私人在政府补偿下的投资决策模型。通过模型求最优解和概率分析,探讨私人公平偏好对其最优投资决策的影响,并借助数值分析给予检验。结果表明:当政府补偿使私人感知有利不公平时,私人将选择期望效用最大的最优投资,并随其感知程度的增加而增加;而当政府补偿使私人感知不利不公平时,私人最优投资及可能性将在有限公平偏好内随其感知程度的增加而减小。     

中国新主流消费人群偏好品牌的创新设计——以诚品书店和故宫文创为例

普遍性的品牌价值增长时代即将结束,中国新主流消费群体已成为未来最大的增量消费群体。新老企业的品牌创新设计应充分考虑未来主流消费群体的需求,为成功转型升级的企业做好品牌战略定位。研究发现,基于中国新主流消费人群偏好的品牌形象设计具有一定的共性特征。通过消费认同理论中的自我认同和社会认同,对两个当下深受新主流消费人群喜好的案例品牌属性进行分析。在消费认同理论中,分别找到品牌定位、产品与空间、服务与推广三大品牌设计项目中的对应属性。探讨了品牌设计在受众的自我认同和社会认同两方面的迎合策略,得到了品牌设计策略可参照的设计规律。     

A New PC-Based Test for Varian's Weak Separability Conditions

This article develops a new method to evaluate revealed preference separability conditions. In contrast to previous studies, our results generally find weak separability, even when datasets have some measurement error. In addition, revealed preference and weak separability appear robust to measurement error, different price distributions, and alternative preference settings. Measurement error generally results in relatively few violations of revealed preference or weak separability.     

农户分化、财产价值认知与宅基地退出行为

基于长三角地区实地调查,分析了农户分化对宅基地退出意愿及受偿方式选择的影响路径,进一步探讨了财产价值认知的中介效应。结果发现:(1)农户分化对宅基地退出意愿既有直接影响也有间接影响,财产价值认知发挥中介作用,中介效应占比11.85％;(2)农户分化会显著负向影响农户对城镇房屋置换补偿方式的选择,显著正向影响农户的一次性货币补偿选择,中介效应占比分别为17.05％和12.70％;(3)相比较于远郊区,近郊区农户分化对宅基地财产价值认知和退出意愿都更加强烈,两个区域农户在受偿方式选择上存在一定差异。基于此,建议政府通过拓宽宅基地退出后农户的就业渠道、加强宅基地制度改革的政策宣传以及制定多元化的宅基地退出补偿机制等措施推进宅基地制度改革。     

Cooperation and preference by peers in early childhood: A longitudinal study

Children who are more proficient in cooperation with peers tend to be more preferred. To date, the development of peer cooperation has been studied mainly in two research traditions, one focusing on action coordination and the other focusing on interaction quality. Both aspects of cooperation are relevant for children's peer relations, but it is unclear whether both aspects of children's earliest cooperation skills predict their later preference by peers after the transition into organized social groups in school. In this study, we assessed coordination proficiency and interaction quality of 181 Dutch children longitudinally from 2 to 4 years of age. No relation between early action coordination and later preference by peers at school was found. However, especially in girls more affiliative and fewer antagonistic behaviors at the age of two predicted likeability among classmates at school at the age of four. The findings shine new light on the earliest foundations of children's peer evaluations.     

Child Care Arrangements,Division of Household Labor and Other Employment Based Familial Predictors of Marital Adjustment Among Husbands of Employed Females in Pakistan

The primary purpose of the current study was to investigate the influence of division of household labor, child care arrangements, wife’s financial contribution, work-schedule of wife, perception of wife employment and wife’s work preference were contributing to marital adjustment of husbands of working married women. Additionally, it explored the role of wife’s financial contribution, perception of wife’s employment and wife’s work preference in formation of marital adjustment among husbands of working women. The data were collected through a self-structured questionnaire from 283 husbands of employed married women with one year of marital duration and at least one child. The data were collected from the city of Gujrat, province of Punjab, Pakistan. Factor analysis was run for reliability and validity analysis was executed to examine the validity of the existing scales used in the current study. Multiple linear regression analysis was used for model fit. Division of household labor, child care arrangements, wife’s financial contributions, wife’s work-schedule, the perception of wife’s employment, and wife’s work preferences contributed to the marital adjustment of husbands of working married women. Our results seemed to reflect fluctuating dimensions of gender role ideologies among families. Incorporating new predictors of marital adjustment into literature of marriage and family has been a sociological significance of the current study.     

Girl adoption in China—A less-known side of son preference

In 1987, 4 per cent of girls were adopted within China. Why? Unlike infanticide, abandonment rids parents of daughters while preserving the supply of potential brides. In fact, an erstwhile tradition common in Fujian and Jiangxi provinces had parents of sons adopting an infant girl to serve as a future daughter-in-law and household help. Analysing a nationally representative 1992 survey of children, we found that: (1) girl adoptions were concentrated in the above-mentioned provinces; (2) girls were predominantly adopted by families with sons; (3) adopted girls faced substantial disadvantage as measured by school attendance at ages 8–13. In the 1990s, as the sex ratio at birth climbed, were girls aborted rather than abandoned? Observing that in the 2000 census too many girls appear in families with older sons, we estimated that at least 1/25 girls were abandoned in the 1990s, a proportion that in Fujian and Jiangxi may have peaked at 1/10 in 1994.     

An evolutionary explanation for risk aversion

Recent models of the evolution of preferences have provided profound new insights into the origins of risk attitudes. In most of these models the evolutionary “objective function” is the maximization of the expected number of offspring, or alternatively, the maximization of the geometric-mean growth rate. We suggest that careful consideration should also be given to the objective of maximizing the probability of Having Descendants Forever, p(HDF). We show that the p(HDF) criterion implies risk aversion. Moreover, it leads to preferences that are very closely approximated by the constant relative risk aversion preferences. Thus, constant relative risk aversion can be viewed as an evolutionary-developed heuristic aimed to maximize the probability of having descendants forever.