“人肉搜索”的法理思考

"人肉搜索"作为一种网络新兴事物与现象,根据其对象和涉及事件类型的不同,可分为公众人物涉公事件型、非公众人物涉公事件型、公众人物涉私事件型和非公众人物涉私事件型四种类型.从法律角度而言,四类"人肉搜索"对个人隐私的侵入程度,呈依次递增趋势.同时,"人肉搜索"事件中涉及的网络信息发布者、网络信息传播者、网站三方,各主体责任也有所不同.     

信息公开立法与相关法律政策调整

信息公开立法是政治民主化、政府透明化的必要手段。我国政务信息公开的精神虽在诸多法律法规中有所体现,但信息公开的原则和程序、内容和形式等还有待进一步探讨。基于信息公开是民治的本质和民主的智力条件,除涉及国家安全与利益的法定保密事项,任何信息都应享有先期公开的自由。信息公开立法必须面对的问题是国家秘密底线的重新确定以及作为保密法副产品的“合法伤害权”的消解。作为具有“仪式效应”的信息公开手段,新闻发言人制度应避免功能异化。公众利益或社会利益是信息公开对抗隐私保护的公正抗辩事由,公共权力行使者的个人事项、信息与政治生活发生关联时,它应属于公共信息的范畴。     

Homing blogs as ambivalent spaces for feminine agency

This article discusses a form of lifestyle blogging where women blog about their homes and everyday lives. In these homing blogs, self-representations are characteristically spatially demarcated within the private sphere of the home. As these repeated representations of women in their homes take place in the public space of the internet, homing blogs work towards naturalizing the home as a women’s sphere. Written and commented on mostly by other women, homing blogs represent a feminine form of self-expression and communication that functions as a discursive expression of ongoing social, economic, and cultural changes in affluent Western societies. In this article, Finnish versions of these homing blogs are analysed in the cultural and political context of contemporary Finland, and discussed as a form of intimate publics that reverses the gender politics of other historical, semi-public spaces for the exercise of women’s agency, such as the salon.     

公共视频监控图像信息利用与保护的基本法律问题与立法规制

在智能化和法治化的新时代,公共视频监控图像信息综合应用已成为社会治理社会化、法治化、智能化和专业化的重要方式。公共视频监控系统成为政府部门和社会组织保护公共安全以及公民人身、财产安全的技术项目。公共视频监控图像信息的技术手段和法律属性需要以立法形式加以规定。公共视频监控图像信息综合应用需要在权利保护的法律制度中进行,尤其是视频监控图像信息公开使用与信息安全、隐私权保护之间的法律制度设计。因此,公共视频监控图像信息的法律规制工作应对法律主体、基本原则、权利体系、法律监管、法律责任做出明确规定。     

美､德个人信息宪法保护路径比较及启示——以个人信息的双重属性切入

个人信息的保护研究一般基于信息的人身性与财产性为选择保护的路径,却忽略了个人信息的人身依附属性.根据自由主义与社群主义对自我的解释得出个人信息具有个体性与公共性的双重属性.基于此双重属性导致美、德两国在个人信息保护模式上有所区别:美国将个人信息作为隐私权保护外延,显示其对信息个体性的追求;德国利用领域理论将个人信息作为人格尊严的保护客体,显示其对信息公共性的偏向.从法律文化视角比较,两国存在价值取向与隐私认可程度的差异,由此造成对个体性和公共性的不同偏向;两国又因司法谦抑主义与公共安全和个人信息保护的竞争,导致保护限缩的共同趋向.两种保护路径反映不同的法律文化的同时,也体现出两国都重视在立法基础上的宪法审查运用,以此平衡个人信息的个体性与公共性.故我国个人信息保护亦需以“审查”作为个人信息保护的有效方式,并以个体性与公共性的动态平衡作为判断标准.具体审查可以从程序上的公正平衡与实体上的合理平衡两方面进行判断,以此为个人信息提供有效保护.此外,打破个体性与公共性平衡状态的唯一变量只能基于公共利益的考量.     

被遗忘权的场域思考及与隐私权、个人信息权的关系

被遗忘权不仅在大数据领域中存在,而且在古典的隐私权或者个人信息权(信息隐私权)领域中也存在.在大数据领域中,被遗忘权以删除权为主要内容,而在非大数据领域中,被遗忘权以禁止或者限制收集、使用为主要内容.在大数据领域中,被遗忘权的出现并没有产生一种完全独立的新兴权利,毋宁是在古典隐私权的地基上并依赖于个人信息权(信息隐私权)的保护,增加了广义的隐私权的内容.对个人信息权和被遗忘权的认知应当在古典隐私权的地基上进行.     

The reliance on recognition and majority vote heuristics over privacy concerns when selecting smartphone apps among German and US consumers

The smartphone app market is a prime example of a digital market where consumers are tasked with selecting one option among a plethora of alternatives, at times indistinguishable from one another. Building upon findings on information processing and decision-making, we postulate that consumers follow simple (rather than complex) heuristic rules to navigate the app market. In particular, we focus on two such strategies: the recognition heuristic and the majority vote heuristic. App privacy information was also considered as a potentially salient cue in the decision-making process, given the personal data stored on smartphones. Results of a mixed-method design (behavioral analysis and think-aloud protocols) study with German (N?=?18) and US (N?=?25) students find a dominance of the recognition heuristic. Decisions are further supported by majority vote heuristics. Privacy information is largely disregarded, particularly by US participants. Implications for app market design and engagement are discussed.     

Caring is not enough: the importance of Internet skills for online privacy protection

This article explains Internet users’ self-help activities in protecting their privacy online using structural equation modeling. Based on a representative survey of Swiss Internet users, it reveals past experiences with privacy breaches as a strong predictor of current protective behavior. Further, in line with the ‘privacy paradox’ argument, caring about privacy (privacy attitudes) alone does not necessarily result in substantial self-protection. Most strikingly, however, general Internet skills are key in explaining users’ privacy behavior. These skills enable users to reduce risks of privacy loss while obtaining the benefits from online activities that increasingly depend on the revelation of personal data. Consequently, Internet skills are an essential starting point for public policies regarding users’ self-help in privacy protection.     

(Un)ethical practices: intimacy and Internet in the media coverage of the Ashley Madison hack

In the summer of 2015, the “cheating website” known as Ashley Madison came under scrutiny, as a group calling itself the Impact Team revealed users’ private information. This case study explores the controversy’s Canadian media coverage and sheds light on the main discourses about intimacy and the Internet that were made visible during this event. It interrogates how cheaters, hackers, and the company were represented. To varying degrees, the mainstream press condemns the cheaters, the hackers, and the company for their behaviour. The article also addresses the ways intimate practices are politicized and commercialized in the digital context, including a discussion of the emphasis on “privacy.” To conclude the article, I discuss the transparency and privacy issues implicated in digital intimacies and the power–knowledge (im)balance implied by hackers’ online anonymity.     

网络反腐中政府官员隐私权保护的适度边界

网络反腐是互联网时代反腐倡廉的新方式,它一方面强化了对政府官员个人权力的监督制约,另一方面也增加了侵犯政府官员民事权利特别是隐私权的法律风险.在网络反腐中,保护政府官员的隐私权不仅有利于维护人格尊严,而且有利于化解隐私权与知情权及监督权的冲突.但基于政府官员的特定身份,其隐私权保护应定位于公共利益除外标准,坚持适度保护原则,合理划定保护范围.