冲突与消解：隐秘摄录引发的法律问题探析

隐秘摄录行为是公众知情权、社会舆论监督、新闻自由的一种权利表现形式,是个体自由价值的体现,在一定程度上包含了公共利益的诉求。隐秘摄录行为虽具有一定的合法性基础,但也极有可能引发侵犯公民隐私的权利冲突。隐秘摄录行为可能引发宪法、行政法、刑法与民法范畴的权利冲突,我国相关法律虽对其进行了规制,但规制力度不大,且我国尚无禁止性法律规范约束隐秘摄录。建议遵循宪法原则指导法律规范,以宪法为上位统筹协调各部门法关于隐秘摄录行为的规定,同时,寻求宪法解释,以消解隐秘摄录行为引发的权利冲突。     

论隐私权

个人隐私权受法律保护 ,这是文明社会的要求。为隐私权立法不仅是我国法制建设和市场经济发展的需要 ,也是公民实现其基本权利的需要 ,未来信息社会对隐私权的保护提出了更高与更新的要求     

试论公众人物的隐私权保护——从娱乐新闻的明星隐私报道谈起

明星的隐私屡次被娱乐新闻大肆报道，是一个不争的事实，明星作为公众人物，其隐私权的保护问题，再次成为新闻学界及业界关注的话题。隐私权是公民（自然人）的一项重要的人身权，尽管对于公众人物这个特殊群体来说，由于与公共利益存在着密切的联系，他们的许多私事应受到限制，但公众人物作为自然人，其隐私权也理应当受到法律的保护。     

论隐私权

对公民的隐私权进行法律保护,是社会文明进步的标志。隐私权包括隐私保密权、隐　私支配权和隐私保护权。在处理好隐私权与知情权关系的同时,应借鉴国外立法经验,在我　国有关立法中承认隐私权并对其予以完善的保护。     

我国网络隐私权保护立法评价及构想

网络正以前所未有的影响力冲击着人类文明,人们在离不开比特的同时,还必须面对虚拟实在的诸多矛盾与冲突。英语国家有人把网络传播中的问题概括成七个P,其中排在首位的即Privacy(隐私),网络隐私权的重要性可见一斑。网络的最大特点在于其无限开放性和自由性,但网络交流的新特征和信息技术的进一步发展也产生了极具威胁性的个人隐私保护的隐忧,因此,如何以法律的手段来规范网络、保护隐私权是当前我国面临的一个紧迫课题。      

Double-sampling regression-cum-exponential estimator of the mean of a sensitive variable

ABSTRACT

A flexible scrambled response model using a randomization device for quantitative sensitive data is used to evaluate the protection of respondents’ privacy. A double-sampling regression-cum-exponential estimator is used to estimate the mean of a sensitive variable using the mean of a nonsensitive auxiliary variable under scrambled response. The expected bias, the expected mean square error, and the minimum mean square error of this exponential-type estimator are expressed. Simulations and empirical results show that the proposed estimator under scrambled response model has a lower mean square error and a lower bias than the ratio and the exponential estimators.     

Privacy and confidentiality in social work

Abstract

In the human services confidentiality is a central principle defining the relationship between the worker and the client. In this paper the authors argue that the human services have privileged the notion of confidentiality over the more fundamental right of privacy. They argue there is a persistent confusion between these two concepts and that privacy is an important but neglected ethical concept within human services. The authors discuss the relationship between privacy and confidentiality and identii some of the implications of the privacy concept for practice.     

PRIVACY PROTECTION STRATEGIES ON FACEBOOK

The privacy paradox describes people's willingness to disclose personal information on social network sites despite expressing high levels of concern. In this study, we employ the distinction between institutional and social privacy to examine this phenomenon. We investigate what strategies undergraduate students have developed, and their motivations for using specific strategies. We employed a mixed-methods approach that included 77 surveys and 21 in-depth interviews. The results suggest that, in addition to using the default privacy settings, students have developed a number of strategies to address their privacy needs. These strategies are used primarily to guard against social privacy threats and consist of excluding contact information, using the limited profile option, untagging and removing photographs, and limiting Friendship requests from strangers. Privacy strategies are geared toward managing the Facebook profile, which we argue functions as a front stage. This active profile management allows users to negotiate the need for connecting on Facebook with the desire for increased privacy. Thus, users disclose information, because they have made a conscious effort to protect themselves against potential violations. We conclude that there is a tilt toward social privacy concerns. Little concern was raised about institutional privacy and no strategies were in place to protect against threats from the use of personal data by institutions. This is relevant for policy discussions, because it suggests that the collection, aggregation, and utilization of personal data for targeted advertisement have become an accepted social norm.     

Human Services and the Ethics of Computer Matching

Abstract

Computer matching has been extensively used by government, primarily as a means of cost-savings and fraud detection. Despite concerns about the invasion of privacy, clear ethical standards about computer matching have not been established. However, a study of past matching practices reveals an implied set of principles. Efficiency is valued over privacy. Welfare clients and government employees are viewed as having sacrificed the right to privacy. Some due process protections are viewed as legitimate but have not been well-implemented. The newly-passed Computer Matching and Privacy Protection Act of 1988 (PL 100-503) strengthens these due process protections.     

电商平台与服务提供商的用户隐私信息管理策略研究

以移动商务环境下单个上游服务提供商和单个下游电商平台构成的两级供应链为对象,以用户隐私担忧为出发点,考虑了用户隐私担忧的异质性,构建了两阶段决策模型,研究了电商平台向服务商分享用户隐私的策略、服务商向消费者披露隐私利用信息的策略、服务商最优的隐私利用水平以及隐私保护投资强度,并对分散和集中决策型供应链的收益进行了对比分析。研究表明,电商平台与服务商分享和披露用户隐私信息的可能性均随着隐私不敏感用户比例的增加而增加;电商平台向服务商分享用户隐私可以有效改善供应链绩效,但服务商向用户披露其利用隐私信息的策略并不总是最优选择。最后,通过数值算例分析了隐私信息共享的集中和分散决策型供应链的收益情况,结果表明,前者的整体收益要大于后者。