电子商务中隐私权保护制度研究

本文以我国电子商务的发展环境为背景,探讨了电子商务中隐私权保护的必要性和现实性,并提出相应的隐私权保护原则和保护方式.     

论刑事诉讼中私人违法取证的排除问题

目前我国的非法证据排除规则是否适用于私人违法取证尚不明确,导致司法实践中对这一问题的处理无法可依。通过结合域外的经验以及我国司法实践中辩方在取证举证上仍处于弱势地位的现实状况,对于私人以违法方式取得的证据以不排除为原则可能更为合理。在这一原则下应兼顾公民隐私权的保护和被告人的权利保护。这样的做法不但可以与新《刑事诉讼法》的内容协调一致,还顾及了我国目前私人取证的极大需求和弱势地位,同时也不致一味采纳所有违法取得的证据而造成更大的侵权。此外,一些相关的制度措施也必须完善,以期在明确易行地解决私人违法取证问题的同时,也能够预防未来的私人违法取证现象。     

新闻职业伦理四大争议问题评析

本文基于伦理和道德问题的分殊,重点探究当代新闻伦理四个基本问题。本文认为,在当今的全球化时代,许多社会基本问题充满了伦理争议,对于深刻影响社会的新闻传播职业来说,情况尤其是如此。如果说人们对于虚构造假、漠视生命等新闻职业道德问题通常可以明辨是非的话,那么新闻传播职业伦理问题则复杂得多,而且即便经过百家争鸣式的讨论,也难以求得一致意见。但是,我们通过这种以反思批判为特征的讨论,至少可以建立这样的共识:伦理思考和争论是一种极好的思维和表达训练,它对新闻从业者个人人格的完善、职业伦理以及公共伦理的养成和发展都是至关重要的。     

网络创新背景下隐私关注与保护意图跨情境研究——以购物、招聘、游戏和搜索行业为例

企业利用新技术、新手段收集、分析和处理消费者信息以供市场分析时使用,其间蕴涵的信息安全及用户隐私外泄等问题始终困扰着企业.为解决该问题,学术界以网络隐私为中心展开研究,考察了单一情境下隐私关注对保护意图的影响,但是在跨情境的环境下两者的变化情况及两者之间关系的变化趋势还有待研究.为此,基于任务类型理论提炼4个网站类型(购物、招聘、游戏和搜索),再根据期望价值理论提出假设.经实验室实验研究表明,在C2C购物情境中隐私关注对保护意图具有显著的正向影响,而在招聘、游戏和搜索情境中的影响不显著.在这4类网络情境间,隐私关注差异不显著但保护意图差异显著.最后,基于研究发现向学者及管理实践者提出了建议.     

Totalitarian Paranoia in the Post-Orwellian Surveillance State

Most commentary on the Edward Snowden affair and other recent accounts of government spying leaked in the media has focused on individual privacy concerns, while overlooking how contemporary neoliberal modernity has created a social order in which new surveillance technologies grant the state a degree of power unthinkable to past generations – exceeding in reach and complexity even the totalitarian state imagined in Orwell's dystopian account, 1984. Any critical analysis of the modern surveillance state must move beyond documenting abuses of state power to address how government repression has been allowed to proceed unchecked, and even to flourish, through its support of an antidemocratic public pedagogy produced and circulated via a depoliticizing machinery of fear and consumption. In the USA, repression works through the homogenizing forces of the market as well as a corresponding loss of public memory and political identity to encourage the widespread embrace of an authoritarian surveillance culture. The state and corporate cultural apparatuses now collude to socialize everyone into a surveillance regime, even as personal information is willingly given over to social media and other corporate-based sites as people move across multiple screens and digital apparatuses. It is no longer possible to address the violations committed by the surveillance state without also analysing this broader regime of security and commodification. The authoritarian nature of the corporate–state surveillance apparatus in the USA can only be fully understood when its ubiquitous tentacles are connected to wider cultures of entertainment, commerce and punishment, and the increasing labelling of democratic dissent as an act of terrorism. If democracy is to have a future in America, then it is imperative to organize social movements capable of recovering public memory and reclaiming dissent as essential features of responsible citizenship.     

Confidentiality

Abstract

Confidentiality was the ethical dilemma most frequently encountered by Israeli social workers in a 1998 national survey (Linzer, Conboy and Ain, 2002). A reanalysis of survey responses found the social workers cared about preventing violations of client privacy, promoting client self-determination, and respecting client dignity, especially when challenged by: (1) public institutions' right to know, (2) limitations of protection of client communications and information, including duty to warn, (3) child and family dilemmas, (4) informed consent ambiguities, and (5) computers and technology utilization. Social workers looked to their own counsel, colleagues, and supervisor's advice and their professional code of ethics for guidance.     

Introduction: Accountability in Neuroethics

Pharmaceutical sponsored clinical trials, formerly conducted predominantly in the United States and Europe, have expanded to emerging regions, including the Middle East. Our study explores factors influencing clinical trial privacy and confidentiality in the United Arab Emirates. Factors including concept familiarity, informed consent compliance, data access, and preservation, were analyzed to assess current practices in the Arab world. As the UAE is an emerging region for clinical trials, there is a growing need for regulations related to data confidentiality and subject privacy. Informational and decisional privacy should be viewed within the realms of Arab culture and religious background.     

台湾个人资料保护法要述

个人资料保护是落实资讯时代隐私权保护的最重要事项之一。经过从1995年8月制定公布＂电脑处理个人资料保护法＂,到2010年4月大幅修订的漫长历程,台湾个人资料保护的努力,终于有了进一步的成果。然而,新修订的法律仍没能跟上科技发展的脚步。     

技术侦查及其法制化进路

技术侦查的广泛应用源于新型犯罪的日益增多和科技手段提供的技术支撑。运用技术侦查在带来巨大社会利益的同时,也蕴含着侵犯公民权利的风险。因此,技术侦查必定要实现法制化,以保证其规范运行。建立和完善技术侦查法律制度的要旨则在于满足“恪守国家责任界限”和“合理尊重公民隐私”两个方面的要求。     

网络隐私权的法律保护与道德规制

随着社会进步与全球信息产业的高速发展,人们的生产生活方式在悄然改变。网络在给人们带来便利的同时,也不断带来一些隐私侵权问题。对网络隐私权的保护国外主要有行业自律和立法规制两大模式,我国对网络隐私权的研究还正处于起步阶段,社会中道德失范现象严重,对网络环境下各种隐私权侵权纠纷的解决往往得不到强有力的法律支持和道德规制,在一定程度上影响了社会的有序发展。我们应借鉴国外主要的网络隐私保护模式,依据网络侵权的主要情形及我国的现状,进一步完善网络隐私权的立法体系,并辅之以行业自律与道德规制,全面提高政府和公民的网络隐私保护意识,更好地保护公民的网络隐私权。