Psychiatric Disorders and Treatment in Adoptees: A Meta-Analytic Comparison with Non-Adoptees

ABSTRACT

This meta-analysis integrates the results of 85 studies on psychiatric disorders and treatment in adoptees and non-adoptees. The risk of adoptees experiencing psychiatric disorders, contact with mental health services, or treatment in a psychiatric hospital was approximately twice as high as that of non-adoptees. Elevated risks were observed for attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorders, anxiety disorders, conduct disorders/oppositional defiant disorders, depression, substance use disorders, and psychoses. Larger effect sizes were, in part, found in clinical studies than in community-based studies, in studies with a higher percentage of individuals adopted after the age of three years and international adoptees, and in older studies.     

新兴国家如何应对美欧大飞机补贴新规则——美国诉欧盟大飞机WTO案件评析

波音和空客公司垄断着全球大飞机市场,双方政府都提供了巨额补贴,为此两国进行了两次诉讼。美国诉欧盟最新讼案经DSB近7年的审理,上诉机构做出终裁。裁决适用了《SCM协议》并做出新的规则解释,对欧盟各项补贴措施只予有限禁止,对第三方的"警示"作用大于对美国的"救济"作用。文章通过对该案评析,认为新兴国家应在基础设施、政府投资、贷款支持、研发资助等方面采取可行措施以应对美欧的新规则。     

论选址决策中“尊重自然”的意义——长江三角洲集装箱枢纽港选址的方法论

在世界运输业进入集装箱化和综合物流时代之后，深水枢纽港选址问题已成为一个包含诸多因素的复杂系统，其中改动自然的后果等还是不确定因素，决策逻辑主要是一个消除不确定性的逻辑。在环境科学的现有水平下，只有选取改动自然最小的方案，才能最大限度地消除不确定性，同时获得最大的发现价值。总计发现价值和补偿价值所构成的评价尺度，可以在尊重自然的条件下，满足决策主体得益最大化的要求。     

Influential observations in transformations: A bayesian approach

This paper presents a bayesian approach to the problem of detecting influential observations when estimating the Box-Cox transformation. The influence of a group I={i₁, …,i_n} of observations is measured by means of the Kullback-Leibler distance between the marginal posterior; distributions for the transformation parameter which are computed, respectively, without and with the cases indexed by I. A measure is proposed and its properties and relationship to other diagnostic methods are studied.     

浅论电子商务与网上仲裁协议的形式要件

在信息化、网络化的时代 ,电子商务将成为主要的商务形式 ,同时网上商务仲裁将是最具发展前途的解决电子商务纠纷的方式。网上仲裁协议是网上商务仲裁的基础 ,它与传统仲裁协议相比 ,在形式要件上有很大不同。本文将以界定电子商务的大致范围为前提 ,探讨网上仲裁协议形式要件的书面形式、电子签名、证据效力问题 ,提出解决方法的初步设想     

图书馆知识转移的心理基础

知识转移是近年来信息科学领域、知识管理领域的热点问题,此前已有为数不少的学者从不同侧面做过局部研究,但宏观、系统的研究还很薄弱。为此,本刊特约数位专家学者分别从知识转移的本体论基础及其应用、知识转移的价值链模型及其各环节的协同运作、图书馆知识转移的心理基础的构建在图书馆知识转移实施过程中的作用与影响、知识转移与学习的密不可分等问题进行多方面的探讨,以期在总结前人研究成果的同时,也能引起学界的广泛关注。     

来华留学生的实习工作机会探讨

来华留学生人数的不断增加、留学期望的转变、国际教育以“实习工作机会”展开激烈的生源贸易争夺，大形势变化给国内大学的留学生教育体制和管理模式提出了新的课题。留学生实习工作不仅仅是学生个人的收益，其实对学校、对实习单位以及国家教育经济发展都具有积极的意义。留学生国内实习工作符合留学生个人的意愿，有利于拓展中国海外教育贸易市场；同时带动潜在经济消费，创造教育市场商机。来华留学生毕业后即使回国工作也会对中国有着较为深厚的感情，加强中国与其他国家经济、文化等多方面的有效沟通和合作。高等学校应加强与信誉好的国际民间组织或企业的合作，共建留学生实习基地建设；重视发挥国际性学术会议和商贸洽谈会的人才培训基地作用，加强留学生教学工作安排，给他们更多形式的实习工作机会。     

实现感恩的制度诉求——由河南慈善总会的“道德协议”谈起

无论是在法理层面，还是在道德层面，河南省慈善总会旨在通过“道德协议”的模式实现感恩以期传递慈善的做法都有待商榷。基于感恩为精神理性的一种及其本身的独特结构，加之其实现依赖于制度保障这一道德传统，笔者认为，除了要进行感恩宣传和感恩教育外，实现感恩要诉求于制度。为此，有必要在公正理念的指导下，重点完善捐助制度和建立感恩激励、执行、评价制度。     

The Parent's Capacity to Treat the Child as a Psychological Agent: Constructs, Measures and Implications for Developmental Psychopathology

Recent studies of the relationship between parenting and child development have included a focus on the parent's capacity to treat the child as a psychological agent. Several constructs have been developed to refer to this capacity, for example maternal mind-mindedness, reflective functioning, and parental mentalizing. In this review article, we compare and contrast different constructs from diverse theoretical backgrounds that have been developed to operationalize parental mentalizing. We examine the empirical evidence to date in support of each of the constructs and review the relevant measures associated with each construct. Next, we discuss the possibility that these apparently diverse constructs may tap into the same underlying neurobiological socio-cognitive system. We conclude by proposing a testable model for describing the links between parental mentalization, the development of mentalizing in children, and child psychopathology.     

OPTIMAL SEMIPARAMETRIC INFERENCE FOR THE TAIL INDEX BASED ON RATIOS OF THE LARGEST EXTREMES

The k largest order statistics in a random sample from a common heavy‐tailed parent distribution with a regularly varying tail can be characterized as Fréchet extremes. This paper establishes that consecutive ratios of such Fréchet extremes are mutually independent and distributed as functions of beta random variables. The maximum likelihood estimator of the tail index based on these ratios is derived, and the exact distribution of the maximum likelihood estimator is determined for fixed k, and the asymptotic distribution as k →∞ . Inferential procedures based upon the maximum likelihood estimator are shown to be optimal. The Fréchet extremes are not directly observable, but a feasible version of the maximum likelihood estimator is equivalent to Hill's statistic. A simple diagnostic is presented that can be used to decide on the largest value of k for which an assumption of Fréchet extremes is sustainable. The results are illustrated using data on commercial insurance claims arising from fires and explosions, and from hurricanes.