Decomposition of gini and multivariate gini indices

A new type of decomposition by population subgroup is proposed for the Gini inequality index. The decomposition satisfies the completely identical distribution (CID) condition, whereby the between-group inequality is null if and only if the distribution within each subgroup is identical to all the others. Thus, this decomposition contrasts strikingly with the subgroup decomposition of the generalized entropy measures, which satisfy the condition that the between-group inequality is null if the mean within each subgroup equals those of all the others. The new decomposition can be generalized to the distance-Gini index and the volume-Gini index, two multivariate Gini indices introduced by Koshevoy and Mosler, with some modification of the index definition and a somewhat loosened CID condition in the latter case. The source decomposition is also generalized to these multi-dimensional indices. Interaction terms appear among sources of different attributes in the decomposition for the modified volume–Gini index.

/r/ and the construction of place identity on New York City's Lower East Side1

This paper argues that a group of white residents on the Lower East Side of Manhattan use a New York City English (NYCE) feature – non‐rhoticity in the syllable coda – in the construction of a place identity, one aspect of identity tied to localness and authenticity. A quantitative analysis confirms that the change in progress towards rhoticity in NYCE ( Labov 1966 ) continues to advance slowly, so that non‐rhoticity remains a resource for New Yorkers, imbued with local social meaning. Ethnographic observation of the Lower East Side reveals conflict among residents, which motivates one group to highlight their place identity by using non‐rhoticity. These Lower East Siders utilize micro‐variation of /r/ in stretches of interview talk, increasing non‐rhoticity when discussing neighborhood topics. Results support a social practice approach to stylistic and sociolinguistic variation, where Lower East Siders use /r/ in constructing a place identity in order to present themselves as authentic neighborhood residents.     

城市业主维权运动:特点及其影响

城市业主维权运动是伴随着住房市场化、商品化改革而出现的一种新的社会运动形式。维护房产权益、实行业主自治、策略性集体行动的广泛采用、维权精英的积极引导和专业人士的技术性支持是其重要特点。它对推动私有财产权的宪政建设、公民社会的培育、城市政治发展、社区治理结构及运行机制的重构具有重要意义,为如何构建社会主义和谐社会提出了新的课题。     

A Nonparametric Comparison of Conditional Distributions with Nonnegligible Cure Fractions

Survival data with nonnegligible cure fractions are commonly encountered in clinical cancer clinical research. Recently, several authors (e.g. Kuk and Chen, Biometrika 79 (1992) 531; Maller and Zhou, Journal of Applied Probability, 30 (1993) 602; Peng and Dear, Biometrics, 56 (2000) 237; Sy and Taylor, Biometrics 56 (2000) 227) have proposed to use semiparametric cure models to analyze such data. Much of the existing work has been emphasized on cure detections and regression techniques. In contrast, this project focuses on the hypothesis testing in the presence of a cure fraction. Specifically, our interest lies in detecting whether there exists survival differences among noncured patients between treatment arms. For this purpose, we investigate the use of a modified Cramér-von Mises statistic for two-sample survival comparisons within the framework of cure models. Such a test has been studied by Tamura et al., (Statistics in Medicine 19, 2000, 2169) using bootstrap procedure. We will focus on developing asymptotic theory and convergent algorithms in this paper. We show that the limiting distributions of the Cramér-von Mises statistic under the null hypothesis can be represented by stochastic integrals and a weighted noncentral chi-squares. Both representations lead to concrete numerical schemes for computing the limiting distributions. The algorithms can be easily implemented for data analysis and significantly reduce computing time compared to the bootstrap approach. For illustrative purposes, we apply the proposed test to a published clinical trial.     

女性哥特视野下的《伤心咖啡馆之歌》解读

女性哥特将性别与体裁有机地结合,是女性作家以哥特体裁为载体、以哥特因素为手段,探究父权制社会里女性的共性问题。20世纪美国南方女作家卡森.麦卡勒斯的中篇小说《伤心咖啡馆之歌》充满浓郁的哥特色彩,透视出作家处于萌芽状态的女权意识。本文结合女性主义视角对文本中的女性意识、性别身份、黑色幽默式的氛围和＂家＂的双重意义等女性哥特元素进行分析,探讨作品中蕴含着的对父权社会男性中心主义和性别二元对立的质疑和控诉。     

机能实验学教学体系改革的实践与思考

实验教学在医学院校培养高级人才方面具有非常重要的作用。针对当前医学教育规模不断扩大,新知识、新技术不断应用,基础医学院改革挖潜,建立了机能学实验室,引进了微机化实验教学系统,开设了综合实验课程,并设想利用现代网络信息技术,实施实验教学的虚拟现实技术和网络教育,为确保人才培养质量,探索一条新路。     

析尼克松政府的对外战略——以冷战转型为视角的考察

20世纪60年代的冷战世界涌动着与过去不同的变化因素,在这样一个骤变的世界中,国家间关系不再单纯地受到意识形态的支配,权力关系、政治行为、经济联系的内涵和作用均在新的历史条件下呈现出新的特点。冷战的转型正是这一系列因素共同促动形成的。针对全球冷战的新变化,美国的冷战战略亦作出相应调整,反映间接战略性质的缓和战略与尼克松主义正是开启世界力量“整合”运动的一次成功尝试。     

试论政府职能转变与社会中介组织的关系

政府职能转变是政治体制改革和机构改革的一大目标和重点，而其转变的重要途径是中介组织的发展和健全。社会中介组织是政府与社会的联结纽带，是政府职能转变的载体，是政府向市场分化的职能的中介。政府职能转变是社会中介组织发展壮大的推进器。政府职能转变与社会中介组织的发展是一种互动的渐近关系。政府应加快中介组织的法制建设，明确规范政府与中介组织之间的关系，建立和完善社会主义市场经济体制，促进中介组织的发展。     

从接受美学看"哈利·波特现象"

接受美学作为一种读者中心论范式的文学理论,认为文学作品一方面要照顾到读者群体的阅读需求,引导读者阅读和鉴赏;另一方面还要超越读者,拓展读者的期待视野。英国女作家J.K罗琳的魔幻系列小说《哈利.波特》运用独特的叙事模式,恰恰迎合了读者的这样一种审美心理。在当下这样一个视听媒介高度发达的时代,《哈利.波特》市场化、现代化的运作手法,不仅充分调动了读者的接受欲望,而且小说在达到读者的既定期待之时又超越了读者的期待视野,显示了作家高超的艺术创造力,对我国当今的文学创作与接受不无借鉴意义。