From the attic of theAmerican Journal of Sociology: Unusual contributions to American sociology, 1895–1935

This study examines articles published in theAmerican Journal of Sociology (AJS) from its inception in 1895 through 1935 in a search for contributions that have escaped the attention of most contemporary sociologists. The articles reviewed here provide a glimpse of a less well-known, and sometimes more unseemly, side of American sociological history. My primary focus is on the criticism of the emergent discipline, the extraordinary diversity of thought found in the earlyAJS, and antiquated or prescient ideas, particularly in the fields of deviance, race, and gender.     

Contextual Variation in Stereotype Content: An Investigation of Children's Central Tendency and Group Variability Judgements

Drawing upon self‐categorization theory, we predicted that the content of children's stereotypes concerning the gender ingroup would be contextually variable. Two studies are reported, each looking at five‐, seven‐, and 10‐year‐old children's stereotypes of the gender in‐group in two different contexts. Study 1 examined judgements of the perceived central tendency of the in‐group on specified dimensions. Study 2 addressed judgements of perceived variability within the gender in‐group on the same dimensions. Overall multivariate analysis of the data indicated that central tendency judgements were influenced by the context in which a group is considered, but that group variability judgements were not. Individual‐level analyses showed that the most typical pattern of response over the two conditions, in both Studies 1 and 2, was for children to provide consistent rather than varying judgements. However, in Study 1 (but not Study 2 ), among those children who changed their judgements, the nature of change was precisely as predicted by self‐categorization theory.     

贺州族群族源认同论(上)

族群认同是族群关系的重要一环 ,族源认同是族群自我认同的重要因素 ,贺州市灵凤村、三加村、船家和都江村的族源认同都证明了这一点。     

The Use of the Conceptual Category of Race in American Sociology, 1937–99

We examine how mainstream sociology has used race as an explanatory factor by examining papers in the American Sociological Review between 1937 and 1999. We find a dramatic increase in the likelihood that sociologists will take race into account, and we suggest that methodological innovations are largely responsible for creating an environment in which it is taken for granted that analysts in many fields will control for race. This pattern of usage may reinforce an implicit conception of racial differences that we call broad but shallow, in that race is expected to matter almost everywhere, but its effect can be neutralized by the addition of a control.     

Brief Report: Thin Slices of Racial Bias

The present work examined the detection of racial bias through thin slices of nonverbal behavior. Thirty Black and 30 White American judges rated the nonverbal behavior displayed by White individuals from 20-seconds of silent videotape of an interaction with either a Black or a White confederate. Correlations between judges nonverbal ratings and targets scores on a response latency measure of racial bias (i.e., Implicit Association Test, IAT) as well as on a self-report racial bias measure (i.e., Affective Prejudice Scale) were obtained. Results revealed that relative to White judges, Black judges nonverbal behavioral ratings were better predictors of both White individuals IAT and explicit racial bias scores, but only if those targets were engaged in an interracial dyad. The results are consistent with recent research finding that subtle forms of racial bias leak through nonverbal behavior, as well as with work noting the predictive accuracy of judgments made from thin-slices of nonverbal behavior.Jennifer A. Richeson and J. Nicole Shelton. Jennifer A. Richeson, Dartmouth College; J. Nicole Shelton, Princeton University. This research was supported by a Rockefeller Center Faculty Fellowship from Dartmouth College awarded to JR, as well as a research grant from Princeton University awarded to JNS. We thank Sue Paik, Lisa Pugh, Kurt Peters, and Leigh Poretzky for help with data collection and stimulus preparation.     

60年代以来美国城市种族暴力冲突的特征及其根源

自 2 0世纪以来 ,美国城市的种族暴力冲突时有发生 ,但就其频繁性、规模和破坏性而言 ,惟 2 0世纪 60年代以来最为突出。其主要特征是 ,所有暴力冲突都发生在中心城市 ,而且其重心也在向经济发展蒸蒸日上的西部和南部城市转移。虽然黑人和白人的矛盾仍居主导地位 ,但有色人种间的冲突颇为引人注目。其促成因素在于当代美国人口流动和城市经济结构发生质变后聚居于中心城市的有色种族日益增长的贫困化、新形式的种族歧视、不公正的司法、日趋复杂的种族关系及新闻媒体的煽动性宣传等等 ,这些都是当代美国城市社会问题的突出表现     

传译民族文化与平等——吴泽霖先生的民族博物馆思想

吴泽霖先生1950年代初任职于西南民族学院,为该院民族文物的搜集与博物馆建设起到了奠基性作用。吴先生早年从社会学研究转向民族学研究,并专门致力于中国的民族博物馆事业的发展,其博物馆学术活动具有双重的意旨,既有传译文化、教育民众、实现民族团结的现实考虑,又有创建民族学＂实验室＂,将民族博物馆回归学科框架的学术诉求。纵观其学术发展脉络,可以说吴泽霖的民族博物馆思想是对其早期学术关怀——即种族平等问题的延续。     

Interpersonal Relationships in Multiracial Schools in a South African Context

Using a qualitative approach, I investigated the problems experienced by the different systems in a South African school that became racially integrated, and the ways in which the problems were addressed. Focus group interviews with ninth- and eleventh-grade pupils, teachers, white and black parents, as well as written information supplied by pupils and teachers were used to assess the changing situation. To determine how some of the problems in the school could successfully be resolved, group therapy was implemented with a group of pupils and with teachers. A needs analysis and problem solution session with White and Black parents was also implemented. It is concluded that school psychologists and school management have an important role to play in facilitating positive changes in the new political and sociocultural environment.     

Restructuring for Whom? Race,Class, Gender,and the Ideology of Invisibility

This paper examines how changes resulting from economic restructuring affect views of racial inequality across different race, class, and gender groups. First reviewing some of the consequences of restructuring for different race, class, and gender groups, the paper also reviews research documenting the different views of racial inequality held by dominant and subordinate groups. The paper concludes by examining how race-blind ideologies affect discussions of race and multiculturalism and suggests that race-blind thinking has thwarted teaching about structural racism.