榆林市人口系统分析及预测

通过对榆林市人口总量变动，人口分布的分析，并对未来人口发展趋势进行预测，同时提出了一系列的建议和对策。     

Central Bank Autonomy without Monetary Policy

The autonomy of a country’s central bank from political authorities has been advocated both as a remedy against the inflationary bias that would otherwise be present in the conduct of the government’s monetary policy and, more recently, on the basis of empirical evidence. However, both theoretical arguments and empirical findings have associated central bank autonomy with the conduct of monetary policy, while often failing to pay attention to those institutional cases where a central bank is in place but is not responsible for the conduct of monetary policy. These cases are particularly relevant for those countries which do not possess their own currency, or where extreme monetary regimes such as dollarization, currency boards, or monetary unions are present. These institutional settings, where a central bank exists, but there is no monetary policy to be conducted, raise the issue of central bank autonomy in a framework where the inflation bias is no longer pertinent. In other words: Is central bank autonomy still a relevant objective when a country does not run its own monetary policy? The present paper addresses this question, discusses dimensions of autonomy and accountability and maintains that central bank autonomy still does matter, particularly if the central bank is responsible for bank supervision and financial regulation.     

The [R]Evolving Relationship Between Risk Assessment and Risk Management

In Science and Decisions: Advancing Risk Assessment, the National Research Council recommends improvements in the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency's approach to risk assessment. The recommendations aim to increase the utility of these assessments, embedding them within a new risk‐based decision‐making framework. The framework involves first identifying the problem and possible options for addressing it, conducting related analyses, then reviewing the results and making the risk management decision. Experience with longstanding requirements for regulatory impact analysis provides insights into the implementation of this framework. First, neither the Science and Decisions framework nor the framework for regulatory impact analysis should be viewed as a static or linear process, where each step is completed before moving on to the next. Risk management options are best evaluated through an iterative and integrative procedure. The extent to which a hazard has been previously studied will strongly influence analysts’ ability to identify options prior to conducting formal analyses, and these options will be altered and refined as the analysis progresses. Second, experience with regulatory impact analysis suggests that legal and political constraints may limit the range of options assessed, contrary to both existing guidance for regulatory impact analysis and the Science and Decisions recommendations. Analysts will need to work creatively to broaden the range of options considered. Finally, the usefulness of regulatory impact analysis has been significantly hampered by the inability to quantify many health impacts of concern, suggesting that the scientific improvements offered within Science and Decisions will fill an crucial research gap.     

Risk and Planning in Agriculture: How Planning on Dairy Farms in Ireland Is Affected by Farmers’ Regulatory Focus

This article examines how planning on dairy farms is affected by farmers' motivation. It argues that farmers' choice of expansion strategies can be specified in terms of risk decision making and understood as either prevention‐focused or promotion‐focused motivation. This relationship was empirically examined using mediated regression analyses where promotion/prevention focus was the independent variable and its effect on total milk production via planned expansion strategies was examined. The results indicate that promotion focus among farmers has an indirect effect on farm expansion via planning strategies that incur greater risk to the farm enterprise. Regulatory focus on the part of farmers has an influence on farmers' planning and risk management activities and must be accounted for in the design and implementation of policy and risk management tools in agriculture.     

电力监管机构与电力消费者保护：理论、经验与启示

垄断固然侵占消费者剩余,市场竞争也并不能自动改善和增进消费者福利,保护消费者权益是反垄断法和消费者保护法的共同目的,但由于采取的路径不同,在竞争秩序维护和消费者保护之间存在着一定张力,行业监管机构的消费者保护措施是实现两者协调均衡的重要手段。我国应以消费者利益作为电力体制改革的考虑基点,避免以社会公共利益侵夺消费者权益,电力监管机构应加强对电力消费合同订立阶段的干预,并完善电力消费者争议庭外解决制度。     

后危机时代下对金融监管法价值的省思

在后危机时代展开对金融监管法基本价值的省思具有特定的意蕴。应当正本清源,明晰金融安全、金融效率与金融公平作为其基本价值,其中,金融安全价值居于核心地位。同时,这些法律价值之间又是对立统一的关系,需要采用某种程度上的调和与妥协,来减少适用这种或那种标准之间的矛盾。     

私有化进程中的政府规制结构与规制手段研究

在过去的20年里,在世界的许多国家,逐步从政府直接控制企业并为市场提供产品转向由私有企业向市场供应产品,政府为了适应这种变化,不断地采取新的规制措施,规制可由政府部门主导或由专注于规制的代理机构主导。规制手段主要有服务成本形式的规制、最高限价形式的规制以及可变规模形式的规制。     

浅析持续银行监管

持续银行监管,是有效银行监管的核心,是监管当局在某段时期内对银行机构某类潜在或显现的突出风险点、或对引致较大风险的某一违规事件进行持续跟踪、分析、监控和纠正的过程。当前,我国持续银行监管的内容主要包括对银行信用风险、内控管理风险、高级管理人员风险的监控及构建提高透明度机制的相关举措。加强持续银行监管,必须健全银行监管法规体系,完善银行监管手段。     

自媒体、监管部门与企业的食品安全演化博弈

以自媒体作为第三方监督力量,建立了自媒体、政府监管部门与食品企业的三方演化博弈模型,分析了自媒体曝光食品安全问题的影响力与真实性对相关主体均衡策略的影响,并利用数值仿真进行了模拟。主要结论表明：当自媒体曝光食品安全问题的真实性较弱时,不仅对食品企业无法产生监督威慑作用,而且对政府监管作用发挥的部分替代作用,加剧企业供给质量不安全食品的违规逐利行为;食品企业与自媒体的食品安全行为不仅受到自媒体曝光食品安全问题真实性的直接影响,而且与政府监管部门对食品企业的严格监管程度密切相关;食品企业供给质量安全食品行为与自媒体曝光真实性,对政府监管部门的监管行为与自媒体曝光行为具有直接影响。     

中国核安全法制度构建的定位

核安全法立法重点在于明确其制度定位并合乎逻辑地进行制度构建。核安全法制度构建应从其目标和主体两方面进行定位,前者包括预防事故和减轻事故后果两方面,后者在于规定许可证持有者的安全管理义务、政府部门的监管职责和公众的知情权与参与权。在此基础上,核安全法立法应当以其目标定位为纵坐标,以其主体定位为横坐标,并按照中外结合的路径展开具体的制度设计。