The city in the country: Growing alternative food networks in Metropolitan areas

Alternative food networks (AFNs) are commonly defined by attributes such as the spatial proximity between farmers and consumers, the existence of retail venues such as farmers markets, community supported agriculture (CSA) and a commitment to sustainable food production and consumption. Focusing upon processes rather than attributes, this paper identifies two place-based processes that both promote and constrain the emergence and development of AFNs. Urbanization and rural restructuring are critical to the development of AFNs. AFNs are not a “thing” to be described, but rather emerge from political, cultural and historical processes. The interactions of urbanization and rural restructuring produce AFNs that are differentiated and marked by uneven development that does not necessarily support all farmers participating in the network. This indicates both the fragility and the dynamism inherent in AFNs that are tied to metropolitan development and change. Paradoxically, increasing urban demand for seasonal, and organic produce grown ‘close to home’ and the processes of rural restructuring which emphasize small-scale sustainable family farming and its direct food linkages to cities do not necessarily enable all farmers to consistently make a living from season to season. Evidence for these claims comes from an in-depth, qualitative case study reliant upon participant observation, in-depth interviews and draws from a statewide farmer survey and a regional consumer survey in Washington State.     

基于校园网的网络心理咨询利弊探析

基于校园网的网络心理咨询,已经成为开展学生工作的一个必然发展趋势。我们试图通过对传统心理咨询和网络心理咨询的比较,对网络心理咨询的利弊分析,从而为网络心理咨询的发展起到一定的推动作用。     

When Children Have Two Mothers: Relationships With Nonresident Mothers,Stepmothers, and Fathers

Using data on 294 adolescents from the National Longitudinal Study of Adolescent Health who live with a biological father and have both a resident stepmother and a nonresident biological mother, this study examines the prevalence, antecedents, and consequences of adolescents’ closeness to each of their parents. Findings demonstrate that adolescents vary in their likelihood of having close relationships to resident fathers, resident stepmothers, and nonresident biological mothers, but when they can do so, they appear to benefit. Close relationships with both resident fathers and nonresident mothers are associated with fewer adolescent internalizing and externalizing problems. Closeness to resident stepmothers, however, is unrelated to these two outcomes. Results suggest that fathers play a particularly important role in these families.     

Children and Power in Mexican Transnational Families

Today, many families find that they are unable to fulfill the goal of maintaining a household by living together under the same roof. Some members migrate internationally. This article addresses the consequences of a transnational lifestyle for children who are left behind by migrant parents. Using ethnographic fieldwork and interviews with a total of 141 members of Mexican transnational families, I explore how children who are left behind react to parents’ migrations. I focus on how Mexican children manifest the competing pressures they feel surrounding parents’ migrations and consequently shape family migration patterns. The article shows that children may experience power, albeit in different ways at different ages, while simultaneously being disadvantaged as dependents and in terms of their families’ socioeconomic status.     

论网络教学的人文环境

网络教学和传统教学由于教学模式的差异形成了不同的人文环境,相对于传统教学,网络教学特有的"时空准分离状态"造成了当前网络教学缺少"人文关怀"这一不足。而人文环境在教学中将直接影响到学习者的情感,对激发学生的学习动机,促进学习者的认知和人格的健康发展都能够起到积极的作用。有别于传统教学丰富的情感交流,人文环境的欠缺已成为制约网络教学发展的一大"瓶颈"。要解决这一问题,可以通过设置问题和助学栏目、利用BBS和VR技术,以及组织讨论等加强师生之间、学生之间的交流,营造良好的人文氛围,从而激发和提升网络教学学习者的学习兴趣、自主性、创造性和合作性,推动网络教学的进一步发展。     

基于神经网络的投资基金周净值预测

利用神经网络理论的辨识特性,建立了基金周净值预测的BP神经网络预测模型.通过对具有代表性的投资基金“基金金泰”的实证分析,表明该模型具有很好的非线性反映能力和学习能力,能准确预测基金周净值的变化趋势和上升与下降趋势的转折点,为预测基金净值未来走势提供了一个有效的方法.     

从两个必然到两个绝不会——基于《共产党宣言》到《〈政治经济学批判〉序言》文献群视角

马克思超越带有应然逻辑色彩的两个必然,做出体露为实然辩证法的两个绝不会这一判断时,才形成成熟的历史唯物主义理论。《共产党宣言》中亮出的两个必然(作为对1848年以前思想的总结),表明马克思的哲学已经达到广义历史唯物主义层面,但源于特定历史时段的资本主义必然灭亡这一多少带有点泛化的判断,在1848年革命后被马克思自己所颠覆,从而在《〈政治经济学批判〉序言》中提出两个绝不会的判断;做到这一点的条件是,马克思从历史和现实的层面,既揭示资本主义社会发展的主动轮资本所涵盖的巨大的历史时空维度,又发现了工人身上的观念拜物教,以及将主体向度和客体向度融为一体。     

测试产生的神经网络方法及若干问题研究

介绍了在微机上开发的一种基于神经网络的测试生成系统结构，详细讨论了系统中各模块的实现方案。从提高效率的角度，对电路测试生成中神经网络这一方法的发展及今后须解决的问题做了讨论     

浅谈网络经济对中国企业文化建设的负面影响及对策研究

网络经济是21世纪的新兴经济形态,它的出现既为全球经济发展带来了一股新鲜的活力,也对人类的社会生活产生了诸多方面的负面影响.网络经济中人的行为和观念的变化直接影响了网络经济下企业文化的建设.本文分析了网络经济对中国企业文化建设的负面影响,并探讨了减轻负面影响的策略.