户籍改革背景下农村宅基地退出机制研究

户籍改革背景下,引导农民自愿有序退出空闲宅基地对于提高农村土地利用效率、推进新型城镇化建设具有重要意义。来自安徽省农村的调查结果显示,具备退地条件的农户越来越多,但愿意退出的较少。究其原因,宅基地使用权制度承载的复杂功能形成外部障碍,无偿取得与无期限使用导致农户退地缺乏外在压力,低标准补偿抑制了农户退地的内在动力,退出机制缺失对农户退地造成现实困难。需统筹城乡社会保障,回归宅基地使用权的用益物权权能,以破除农民退地的外部障碍,提高农民退地的积极性;通过完善宅基地使用权制度和建构合理的宅基地退出机制,为宅基地退出提供制度约束和可行路径。     

居住小区建成环境对住宅用电量的影响研究——以天津生态城为例

系统揭示建成环境对住宅用电量的影响机理对于构建低碳城市具有重要意义.以天津生态城为研究对象,基于23个居住小区样本和14016个住宅样本,运用多元线性回归模型分析了建成环境各要素对住宅用电量的影响,揭示了建成环境对住宅用电量的影响程度和机理,并从开发密度、户型设计、空间布局、开敞空间提出了有利于降低住宅用电量的建成环境优化策略.     

An exploration of the differential usage of residential childcare across national boundaries

The use of residential placements for children needing out‐of‐home care remains controversial. This article considers the discourse of ‘residential’ and ‘institutional’ care before describing, mainly through administrative data sources, the wide variations in group‐care usage in different jurisdictions. In some countries, its use is minimal, with foster care, kinship care and in some cases, adoption being the preferred options. This is not so in other countries where a high percentage of children in care are in residential placements. There is also diversity in the type of residential services, ranging from small group homes to large institutions. The challenges inherent in making process and outcome comparisons across national boundaries are explored. The authors concur with those who argue for more systematic ways of describing and analysing the aims and characteristics of residential settings. Only then can meaningful comparisons be made between outcomes from group‐care regimes in different jurisdictions.     

恩施市居住小区景观评析

通过对恩施三个典型的居住小区进行实测、调查、分析,对一些小区存在的问题进行探讨,从环境要素及其布局出发,根据环境景观的美学特征、大众的审美取向和当地城市居民的生活习惯对居住小区的景观进行客观的评价,进而对恩施市居住小区景观设计提出了：加大公共设施的建设力度;提高中心活动区的绿化率;充分利用地形处理景观;加强垂直绿化和屋顶绿化;加大水景建设等建议。     

专业选择与初职获得的性别差异:基于“首都大学生成长追踪调查”的发现

高等教育的扩张大大缩小了两性受教育程度的差距,年轻一代的女性接受大学教育的比例甚至超过了男性。研究高等教育横向分层维度对理解劳动力市场的性别不平等尤为必要。基于“首都大学生成长追踪调查”数据,本研究从大学专业隔离的角度入手,分析大学毕业生初职获得的性别差异。分析发现,首都高校存在明显的专业性别隔离：女生更多地集中在文学、历史、艺术等专业,而男生更多地集中在理工科类专业。大学专业对毕业后个体能否进入男性主导职业具有显著影响。相较于男性,女性进入男性主导职业的概率更低,在控制了专业后,这一差异显著降低。非线性Blinder-Oaxaca分解结果进一步显示,若男女在专业分布上没有差异,不同性别群体进入男性主导职业的概率差异会减少40%～50%。该发现对理解城市高等教育水平劳动力市场中职业性别隔离现象的形成机制具有重要意义。     

Participation of youth in decision‐making procedures during residential care: A narrative review

Participation in decision‐making procedures of young people in care is considered a key element that affects their current or future living circumstances and might improve the quality of decision‐making on and delivery of provided services. This narrative literature review, covering the period 2000–2016, focuses on the opportunities of young people to participate, the challenges and facilitators to participation, and the outcomes of care related to participation. Sixteen studies met our search criteria. Several studies show that young people seem to have limited possibilities to “meaningful” participation in decision‐making. Various challenges and facilitators in the participation process emerge with regard to the level of the young person, the professional, and the (sociocultural) context. None of the studies provides evidence for a connection between the “amount” of youth participation in decision‐making and/or treatment during the care process and the outcomes of residential care. Implications for research and practice are reflected upon.     

Does what happens in group care stay in group care? The relationship between problem behaviour trajectories during care and post‐placement functioning

Residential programmes for youth may improve youth behaviour during placement, but it is not clear whether there is an association between a youth's behaviour pattern during placement and post‐placement outcomes. Life course perspective has been used to understand longitudinal patterns and pathways, and new statistical methods have been developed to identify latent trajectory groups. This study used administrative data from a family‐style group care programme to assess whether a youth's externalizing behaviour trajectory while in placement can significantly predict delinquency and adjustment outcomes at discharge and 6‐month follow‐up. Findings from multinomial logistic regression revealed a statistically significant relationship between a youth's behaviour trajectory class and outcomes. Behaviour pattern during care was a stronger predictor of outcome than cross‐sectional measures such as other demographic factors, placement history or mental‐health need indicators.     

辽宁村镇住宅安全现状及改进对策

通过对辽宁地区村镇住宅安全现状的调查,掌握了辽宁地区村镇住宅的安全现状,发现了目前住宅安全存在的问题,提出了有效的村镇住宅安全改进措施。     

农村居民点整理潜力研究——以山东省金乡县为例

以山东省金乡县为例,概述了金乡县农居点用地特点,在分析金乡县农居点整理的潜力构成和整理方式的基础上,对9镇4乡根据整理潜力进行了预测、分级,并对农居点整理的生态、社会和经济效益进行了展望.     

农民工的城市定居意愿研究——基于七省（区）调查数据的实证分析

|本文以2007年7省区的调查数据为基础,对农民工的城市定居意愿及其因素进行实证分析。研究发现,农民工既表现出对城市定居的向往,又呈现出一种矛盾和模糊性的心理状态。相对于人力资本而言,家庭因素、社会支持因素对农民工城市定居意愿的影响更加明显。农民工的定居决策主要受市场性、文化心理性和制度性三类因素的影响,其中,市场性因素正在成为显在的主因,制度性因素的作用已经有所下降,但市场因素的根源仍然来自于制度性因素。