Universal supplier selection via multi-dimensional auction mechanisms for two-way competition in oligopoly market of supply chain

Allocation of the tasks in competitive market conditions at each echelon of the supply chain is an important activity in the supply chain. The task allocation problem, referred to as supply chain formation process, normally faces information asymmetry in the supply chain. The information asymmetry is caused by rational and intelligent players trying to maximize their own profit rather than opt for the supply chain profit as a whole. Thus, the process of allocating tasks in such situations becomes difficult and will result in externalities in the supply chain trades. These externalities can be internalized with present methodologies in the literature. In this paper, the major internalization methods in different contexts are considered. Lagrange relaxation and Vickery Clarke Groves (VCG) auction mechanism are explored in order to form a supply chain. This paper proposes the multi-stage auction mechanism analyzing two-way competitions, a Bertrand and Cournot competition where price per unit and quantity are the underlying two parameters in a utility analysis. To analyze the problem in real life, the industry example of Indian Railway Catering and Tourism Corporation Ltd. (IRCTC) procurement process has been taken which demonstrates the usability of the proposed framework.     

论深化税收征管改革面临的主要问题及解决对策

现行税收征管模式与新的经济形势和征管环境相比 ,越来越清晰地显露出不足与滞后 ,监管乏力、信息失真、协作不畅、稽查低效、服务欠缺 ,税收目标难以实现。为此 ,必须调整征管格局 ,实行专业化分工 ,优化资源配置 ,建立人机互动协作关系 ,处理好管事与管户、管税的关系 ,提高稽查的有效性和针对性     

政府信用缺失的经济学分析

近年来,地方政府都不同程度地存在着信用问题,它极大地影响了政府的形象和威信,影响了社会整体信用水平的提高,影响了社会交易与资源配置的效率.文章从经济人假设出发,利用博弈理论和成本收益分析,从剖析政府官员微观个体行为的角度,分析政府信用缺失问题.试图证明唯有从制度变革入手,才能从根本上解决政府信用缺失问题,并提出了制度建设的方向.     

论企业货币资金的内部控制

货币资金的内部控制,对于防止贪污舞弊,保证经济活动的顺利进行,正确处理各种财务关系都非常重要。企业应从提高控制人员素质,合理进行职务分工,确保收款及时、足额入账,支出手续健全、有效,保管责任明确, 监督检查经常而有力入手,建立、健全和有效实施货币资金的内部控制。     

论税收筹划在企业财务管理中的运用

税收筹划是指纳税人在税法允许的范围内,从多种纳税方案中进行科学合理的事前选择和规划,利用税法给予的对己有利的可能选择与优惠政策,选出合适的节税方法,从而使本身税负得以延缓或减轻的一种行为.税收筹划与财务管理是相互联系、相互影响的关系.财务管理在运用税收筹划的同时,还应注意以守法为前提的税收筹划才可行.     

Analysis of Revenue Maximization Under Two Movie‐Screening Policies

A few weeks before the start of a major season, movie distributors arrange a private screening of the movies to be released during that season for exhibitors and, subsequently, solicit bids for these movies (from exhibitors). Since the number of such solicitations far exceeds the number of movies that can be feasibly screened at a multiplex (i.e., a theater with multiple screens), the problem of interest for an exhibitor is that of choosing a subset of movies for which to submit bids to the distributors. We consider the problem of the selection and screening of movies for a multiplex to maximize the exhibitor's cumulative revenue over a fixed planning horizon. The release times of the movies that can potentially be selected during the planning horizon are known a priori. If selected for screening, a movie must be scheduled through its obligatory period, after which its run may or may not be extended. The problem involves two primary decisions: (i) the selection of a subset of movies for screening from those that can potentially be screened during the planning horizon and (ii) the determination of the duration of screening for the selected movies. We investigate two basic and popular screening policies: preempt‐resume and non‐preempt. In the preempt‐resume policy, the screening of a movie can be preempted and resumed in its post‐obligatory period. In the non‐preempt policy, a movie is screened continuously from its release time until the time it is permanently withdrawn from the multiplex. We show that optimizing under the preempt‐resume policy is strongly NP‐hard while the problem under the non‐preempt policy is polynomially solvable. We develop efficient algorithms for the problem under both screening policies and show that the revenue obtained from the preempt‐resume policy can be significantly higher as compared with that from the non‐preempt policy. Our work provides managers of multiplexes with valuable insights into the selection and screening of movies and offers an easy‐to‐use computational tool to compare the revenues obtainable from adopting these popular policies.     

Dynamic Assignment of Flexible Service Resources

Resource flexibility is an important tool for firms to better match capacity with demand so as to increase revenues and improve service levels. However, in service contexts that require dynamically deciding whether to accept incoming jobs and what resource to assign to each accepted job, harnessing the benefits of flexibility requires using effective methods for making these operational decisions. Motivated by the resource deployment decisions facing a professional service firm in the workplace training industry, we address the dynamic job acceptance and resource assignment problem for systems with general resource flexibility structure, i.e., with multiple resource types that can each perform different overlapping subsets of job types. We first show that, for systems containing specialized resources for individual job types and a versatile resource type that can perform all job types, the exact policy uses a threshold rule. With more general flexibility structures, since the associated stochastic dynamic program is intractable, we develop and test three optimization‐based approximate policies. Our extensive computational tests show that one of the methods, which we call the Bottleneck Capacity Reservation policy, is remarkably effective in generating near‐optimal solutions over a wide range of problem scenarios. We also consider a model variant that requires dynamic job acceptance decisions but permits deferring resource assignment decisions until the end of the horizon. For this model, we discuss an adaptation of our approximate policy, establish the effectiveness of this policy, and assess the value of postponing assignment decisions.     

我国城市土地供应方式改革探析

不同的供地方式其所产生的土地收益差异明显。在目前我国城市化快速发展时期,我国的城市土地供应还存在着土地有偿使用范围小、经营性用地供应的市场化程度低以及隐形交易、多头供地等问题。因此,要想提高土地收益,就须采取建立国有土地储备制度、加强土地监管、规范土地审批和交易行为、提高土地市场化交易程度、建立土地信息发布制度等措施。     

e-SCM系统的收益测算机制设计

作为供应链管理(Supply Chain Management,SCM)的支持手段,e-SCM系统(electronic Supply Chain Management System)的投资滞后成为制约SCM实现的重要障碍。本文借助Preinreich-Luecke定理、相对直接成本以及作业成本法所提供的理论框架,设计了简便易行的e-SCM系统收益测算机制,将其作为e-SCM系统投资决策的先导和收益实现的重要基础。本文的主要结论是:仅当业绩量的成本来源具有可变特质时,e-SCM系统所带来的业绩量才会产生经济收益,以库存为核心的资金占用成本因而成为业绩额的主要来源。仅需提取企业少量运营数据即可进行e化收益测算,客观上增加了测算的可行性。     

A Nonatomic‐Game Approach to Dynamic Pricing under Competition

We study a revenue management problem involving competing firms. We assume the presence of a continuum of infinitesimal firms where no individual firm has any discernable influence over the evolution of the overall market condition. Under this nonatomic‐game approach, the unanimous adoption of an equilibrium pricing policy by all firms will yield a market‐condition process that in turn will elicit the said policy as one of the best individual responses. For both deterministic‐ and stochastic‐demand cases, we show the existence of equilibrium pricing policies that exhibit well‐behaving monotone trends. Our computational study reveals many useful insights, including the fact that only a reasonable number of firms are needed for our approach to produce near‐rational pricing policies.