农业产业化发展的新探索——基于对东进农牧(惠东)有限公司的案例分析

本文通过对东进有限公司的案例分析,得出其可供其它地区借鉴的主要经验有:当地政府对农业企业的政策支持;公司与农户签订租地合同,通过统一的经营管理解决农产品的生产和营销问题,将农产品的市场风险转移到了公司内部,解决了公司与农户的信息不对称问题．公司按照标准化生产的方式生产高质量的农产品以适应市场需要,实现了规模经济;公司通过慎重选择地区与行业,将村庄的优势——自然资源和劳动力资源与公司的优势——资金、技术和市场营销结合起来,实现了优势互补、资源共享。     

论我国中小企业的“麦克米伦缺陷”

我国中小企业较大的自身风险主要表现在三方面:市场竞争风险、信誉风险和政策风险.较大的自身风险使我国中小企业不仅难以获得银行等金融机构的间接融资,也难以在金融市场上直接融资,即我国中小企业获取外部资金融通的概率明显较低,存在"麦克米伦缺陷".克服"麦克米伦缺陷"的途径是政府对中小企业实行旨在弱化中小企业自身风险的全面辅导.     

Risk Assessment for Invasive Species

Although estimates vary, there is a broad agreement that invasive species impose major costs on the U.S. economy, as well as posing risks to nonmarket environmental goods and services and to public health. The domestic effort to manage risks associated with invasive species is coordinated by the National Invasive Species Council (NISC), which is charged with developing a science-based process to evaluate risks associated with the introduction and spread of invasive species. Various international agreements have also elevated invasive species issues onto the international policy agenda. The World Trade Organization (WTO) Sanitary and Phytosanitary (SPS) Agreement establishes rights and obligations to adhere to the discipline of scientific risk assessment to ensure that SPS measures are applied only to the extent required to protect human, animal, and plant health, and do not constitute arbitrary or unjustifiable technical barriers to trade. Currently, however, the field of risk assessment for invasive species is in its infancy. Therefore, there is a pressing need to formulate scientifically sound methods and approaches in this emerging field, while acknowledging that the demand for situation-specific empirical evidence is likely to persistently outstrip supply. To begin addressing this need, the Society for Risk Analysis Ecological Risk Assessment Specialty Group and the Ecological Society of America Theoretical Ecology Section convened a joint workshop to provide independent scientific input into the formulation of methods and processes for risk assessment of invasive species to ensure that the analytic processes used domestically and internationally will be firmly rooted in sound scientific principles.     

A multi-level cost–benefit approach for regulatory decision support in food safety and quality assurance scenarios

In complex policy decision situations where policy objectives cannot be reached alone through the aggregate actions of individual actors, the classical approaches for measuring the effects of regulatory initiatives such as cost–benefit analysis do not provide the information necessary for decision support. This paper discusses a framework for a multi-level analysis approach that could provide decision support in multi-level policy decision situations.     

Public Opposition to a Proposed Nuclear Waste Repository in Canada: An Investigation of Cultural and Economic Effects

Residents of four northern communities were surveyed about Atomic Energy of Canada Limited's proposal to site an underground repository for high-level nuclear waste somewhere in the Canadian Shield. Opposition to the repository was relatively strong in all communities, but was strongest among aboriginal respondents. Path analysis revealed that trust in nuclear regulators, faith in science and technology, and anticipated net costs were important mediators of this effect. Aboriginals were less trusting, exhibited less faith in science and technology, and perceived the costs associated with the repository to be higher than their nonaboriginal counterparts. No support was found for the hypothesis that, after controlling for aboriginal status, financially insecure individuals would display greater support for the nuclear waste repository than financially secure individuals. Policy implications for balancing perceived risks and siting needs are discussed.     

农业产业化风险和农业保险

通过与传统农业经营方式比较 ,农业产业化必然增加农业经营风险。在目前的农业产业化经营组织模式下 ,农民是农业产业化的风险实际承担者 ;要使农业产业化在我国有很好的发展 ,必须建立相应的风险转移制度。我国和国外的实践都表明 ,建立农业的商业和政策保险是农业产业化的必然选择。     

Using Automated Emergency Notification Systems to Inform the Public: A Field Experiment

Research and experience have shown that it can be difficult to get citizens to pay attention to risk messages and preparedness information in the absence of an actual emergency. As the use computerized systems that alert the public to hazards by automatically ringing their home phones increases, we thought it important to ask if tests of these "call down" systems can also be used to convey preemergency information. We worked with a local government to add instructions on how to shelter-in-place to the message on a routine test of a call down system. We then surveyed a test group and a control group before and after the test call and a second control group on after the call. The results indicate that the test call raised awareness of the emergency notification system without generating undue concern about the possibility of a chemical accident. Those who received the test call demonstrated significant improvements in their knowledge of how to shelter-in-place while no such improvement was observed in those who did not get the call. While the nature of the sample used in this study limits generalizability, we feel this outcome is positive enough to warrant further exploration of this method of disseminating risk information and preparedness instructions.     

水费回收管理风险防范的法律思考

文章针对目前供水企业存在的水费回收难的问题,通过对供水法规建设的梳理,从风险防范的角 度,探讨保障水费回收的法律措施及对策。     

Illuminating gendered organization assumptions

One key to why organizations have been less successful at integrating a work–family agenda into their organizational cultures is that workplaces have failed to consider how gender assumptions influence workplace practices, policies and cultures. This paper presents a theoretical framework for considering how gender role assumptions have prevented organizational attempts to become family friendly. Further, this paper uses an organizational case study to illustrate this point. Specifically, a theory of gendered organizations is used to frame an analysis of 30 employee interviews. Data suggest that gendered organizational assumptions inherent to several workplace policies and practices contribute to employee strain associated with negotiating the demands of life on and off the job. Further, the findings show that these gendered organizational assumptions prevent organizations from developing workplace cultures responsive to employees' work, family and personal needs. A brief review of the interdisciplinary work–family field is presented, followed by a discussion of gendered organizations. Then, using interview data collected from management and ‘front‐line’ female and male workers employed at a municipal government, this paper examines how workplace practices, presumably gender neutral, affect employees and the organizational culture in which they work.     

工程量清单计价及风险防范

工程量清单计价是工程造价制度的改革,也给施工企业带来一定的风险,针对此情况,本文简要介绍了工程量清单计价以及采用该计价所带来的风险,并对风险防范提出了措施,希望通过对工程量清单计价及计价风险的简述,能为施工企业对项目科学决策提供一些依据.