Child‐Care Usage and Mother‐Infant “Quality Time”

Mothers' time‐use patterns were compared in families in which infants spent more than 30 hours per week in child care (In‐Care group; n= 143) versus 0 hours per week (At‐Home group; n= 183) from birth to 6 months of age. In‐Care group mothers spent about 12 fewer hours per week interacting with their infants, for about 32% less time; fathers of these infants were more involved in caregiving. The groups did not differ in the quality of mother‐infant interaction. In the In‐Care group, quantity of interaction was related to greater separation anxiety and concerns about effects of maternal employment. Time‐use data were not related to child outcomes at 15 months of age. Results suggest that the effect of extensive time spent apart on the quantity and quality of mother‐infant interaction may be smaller than anticipated.     

Premarital Cohabitation and Housework: Couples in Cross‐National Perspective

The authors examine the effect of premarital cohabitation on the division of household labor in 22 countries. First, women do more routine housework than men in all countries. Second, married couples that cohabited before marriage have a more equal division of housework. Third, national cohabitation rates have equalizing effects on couples regardless of their own cohabitation experience. However, the influence of cohabitation rates is only observed in countries with higher levels of overall gender equality. The authors conclude that the trend toward increasing cohabitation may be part of a broader social trend toward a more egalitarian division of housework.     

《墨经》光学八条概念理析

对《墨经》光学八条的主要概念进行归类整理和详细分析 ,为最终正确理解经文含义尝试一种新的思路和方法 .     

我国城市社区建设的几个理论和实践问题

在实践中 ,城市社区建设的实际操作有诸多现象和现实问题应引起我们足够的重视。“社区建设”概念的界定、政府在城市社区建设中的职能定位、居民参与在城市社区建设中的地位、社区工作者队伍建设等几个主要方面的问题则需要我们加以认真的研究和探讨。     

非英语专业学生在英语学习中情感障碍特征分析

外语教学和外语学习的成功取决于诸多因素 ,其中情感因素越来越受到研究者和外语教师们的重视。笔者以 2 88名非英语专业本科生为对象 ,通过问卷调查 ,从焦虑、自信和动机三个方面来分析非英语专业大学生在英语学习中情感障碍特征及其表现 ,以便为探索能降低学生情感障碍的教学方法提供依据     

试析当代世界主题转换的依据和意义

邓小平根据世界局势的新变化 ,提出了“和平与发展是当代世界的两大问题” ,这一科学论断揭示了当代世界主题的转换 ,丰富和发展了马列主义的时代观。它不仅是我们准确观察国际政治格局和世界形势的前提和基础 ,而且是我们调整外交战略、制定正确外交路线的客观依据 ,因而具有重大的理论意义和实践意义。     

中国现代散文审美特质论

五四时代中西文化与文学的整合 ,确立了中国现代散文的审美特质 ,即源自人本主义的“自我表现”、文本哲学的“自我”本真以及作家“自我”人格之美。在中国现代散文中 ,自我表现的伟大地位、自我本真的文本哲学、人格审美的价值取向 ,永远为人们提供着无限宽广的审美空间。     

Girls’ Jobs for the Boys? Men,Masculinity and Non‐Traditional Occupations

Occupational segregation by sex remains the most pervasive aspect of the labour market. In the past, most research on this topic has concentrated on explanations of women’s segregation into low paid and low status occupations, or investigations of women who have crossed gender boundaries into men’s jobs, and the potential impact on them and the occupations. In contrast, this article reports on a small‐scale, qualitative study of ten men who have crossed into what are generally defined as ‘women’s jobs’. In doing so, one of the impacts on them has been that they have experienced challenges to their masculine identity from various sources and in a variety of ways. The men’s reactions to these challenges, and their strategies for developing and accommodating their masculinity in light of these challenges, are illuminating. They either attempted to maintain a traditional masculinity by distancing themselves from female colleagues, and/or partially (re)constructed a different masculinity by identifying with their non‐traditional occupations. This they did as often as they deemed necessary as a response to different forms of challenge to their gender identities from both men and women. Finally, the article argues that these responses work to maintain the men as the dominant gender, even in these traditionally defined ‘women’s jobs’.     

浅议高校辅导员的素质建设

高校辅导员在大学生全面发展中起主导作用,对大学生的成长有着直接的影响。充分重视新时期高校辅导员的素质建设,对深化教育改革,全面提高大学生的素质,培养符合社会需要的人才有重要意义。     

时间如何前进——进化论随笔

中国古代"与时偕行"、"与时俱化"的观念,以取法天地四时的运行为基准,是一种四时循环论的变化观.我党提出的"与时俱进"思想的含义,是随着时代的前进而前进,和随着时代的变化而变化,体现了鲜明的时代创新精神,它的哲学基础是科学进化论.这一特征在语词上通过一个"进"字表达出来.虽然"与时俱进"和"与时俱化"只有一字之差,却体现了本质的超越.同时,这一表述通过对中国古代<易经>、<庄子>等经典的吸收,丰富了自身的思想内涵,也建立,了联接传统与现代的一道桥梁.当然,由于现代时间观念的一维性质,使得人们在批驳"直线进化论"的同时,易于陷入"时间进化论",而时间进化论实际上也是一种直线进化论,这也是需要警醒的.