Transnational highly skilled Finnish migrants in Europe: Choosing one's identity

When transnational migration begins to resemble internal mobility, as is the case in the European Union, is there any need for integration into the country of destination, or do intra-European migrants adopt a European identity? This article is based on data collected about highly skilled Finns who have moved within the EU. Most of them continued to form their identity around their country of origin. Nearly 60% of the migrants of the study also identified with Europe, while only one-third identified with their country of residence. The article argues that, for such privileged migrants, the possibility of choice is central to identity formation. Neither the national identity of the new home country nor a European identity per se can substitute the former, more important identity received through socialization. However, moving abroad does have an impact on the ways these migrants ‘do identity’. Adding a dimension of Europeanness to their existing national identity is a way of belonging to a greater collective when the localized identification with the country of residence is not required.     

“Fear Runs Deep:” The Anticipated Needs of LGBT Older Adults in Long-Term Care

Objectives: Older lesbian, gay, bisexual, and transgender (LGBT) adults are a vulnerable yet resilient population who face unique stressors as they foresee health decline. This paper presents the results of a study about community-dwelling LGBT older adults’ anticipated needs and fears related to nursing homes and assisted living. Methods: This qualitative study collected data through seven focus groups. The sample (N = 50) consisted of LGBT-identified adults age 55 and over. We used an inductive, thematic analysis approach to data analysis. Results: Participants seek an inclusive environment where they will be safe and feel connected to a community. They fear dependence on healthcare providers, dementia, mistreatment, and isolation. Importantly, these fears can lead to identity concealment and psychological distress, including suicide ideation. Discussion: This study adds to the existing literature about the worries of older LGBT adults as they anticipate long-term care. The results suggest that older LGBT adults seek LGBT-inclusive residential care settings that encompass two distinct yet related aspects of LGBT-affirmative care: the procedural (e.g. culturally competent skills and knowledge of practitioners) and the implicit (e.g. the values and mission of the organization). This paper identifies implications for practice, policy, and training.     

Multilevel Factors Related to Psychosocial Care Outcomes in Washington State Skilled Nursing Facilities

As the primary providers of psychosocial services in skilled nursing facilities, social services professionals report barriers interfering with their ability to meet residents' needs. This study utilizes a 3-category quality assessment framework and a cross-sectional survey design to assess factors impacting the provision of effective psychosocial services in Washington State facilities. Hierarchical linear regression results indicate that the 3-factor model explains 26.4% of the variance in psychosocial outcomes; 4 variables exert the most influence: ownership turnover, practitioner experience, practitioner role identity, and the importance of individualizing care. Findings have implications for developing necessary supports for quality psychosocial care delivery.     

Race,wages, and assimilation among Cuban immigrants

This study uses data from the 1980 and 1990 Census and the 1994–2000 Current Population Survey to examine the determinants of earnings among male Cuban immigrants in the U.S. by race. Nonwhite Cuban immigrants earn about 15 percent less than whites, on average. Much of the racial wage gap is due to differences in educational attainment, age at migration, and years in the U.S., but the gap remains at almost 4 percent after controlling for such factors. Nonwhite Cuban immigrants also have lower returns to education than whites. A comparison to white, non-Hispanic U.S. natives indicates that nonwhite Cubans not only earn less initially than white Cubans on arrival in the U.S., but also do not significantly close the racial earnings gap over time.     

Adjustment failures in an immigrant population: Finns in Sweden

Using data sets from both Sweden and Finland, which have been linked at the individual level, we analyse whether Finnish immigrants who lived in Sweden in 1990 were employed, non-employed, return-migrated, or dead by 2001. The aim is to see how they interrelate with socio-demographic characteristics, and to compare Finnish-speaking and Swedish-speaking immigrants in this respect. Multinomial logistic regression models reveal that there is great variation in the level of outcomes between the two language groups, but that the interrelation between socio-demographic factors and each outcome is fairly similar across outcomes and across language groups. It is foremost the Finnish-speaking male immigrants who experience problems, having on average two times higher odds of being either non-employed, return-migrated, or death, as compared with Swedish-speaking male immigrants. Social disadvantage may consequently not only take the form of poor labour market position, but also return-migration and death. The paper illustrates the need for separating subgroups of immigrants when one is interested in integrational success. Comments from seminar participants at the Turku Centre for Welfare Research and anonymous persons are gratefully acknowledged.     

女性高技能专业人才短缺问题的成因分析与对策

女性高技能专业人才是我国技术人才的核心组成部分,是提高自主创新能力,建设创新型国家的重要科技人力资源。但是,受传统社会性别文化的影响,女性高技能专业人才短缺问题十分突出。从社会性别视角分析了女性高技能专业人才短缺问题,分别从技术性别观念、人力资本投资、职业生涯等方面阐述了女性高技能人才短缺的成因,提出了促进女性高技能人才培养和开发的对策,主要包括技术性别文化创新、高技能人才培养机制创新和人力资源管理创新等。     

The Impact of Intersecting Dimensions of Inequality and Identity on the Racial Status of Eastern African Immigrants1

In this article, we examine how immigrants from eastern Africa to the Minneapolis and St. Paul metropolitan area understand and navigate the U.S. color line and its implications for nonwhites. Although these immigrants are subject to constraints based on their racial status as black, they mobilize other intersecting aspects of their identities to manipulate racial classifications in the hopes of attaining upward mobility in the United States, even when doing so creates other social costs for them. Eastern African immigrants draw on their ethnicity and, among Muslim immigrants, their religion to differentiate themselves from African Americans, who occupy the lowest position in the U.S. racial hierarchy. In challenging their categorization as racially black and seeking to move up the racial hierarchy, Eastern African immigrants refine the color line to distinguish between African‐American blacks and non‐African‐American blacks.     

论德国原工业化转型过程中的技术劳动力

德国的原工业化,为德国快速完成工业化奠定了基础。在原工业化模式下。技术劳动力的储备．为德国向工业化的经济转型带来了明显的效益。莱茵地区以技术劳动力为优势,适应市场与技术的变化,完成了由原工业化向工业化的成功转型,集中反映了德国经济的新气象。     

哈尔滨犹太人人口、国籍和职业构成问题探讨

自1898年第一个犹太人移居哈尔滨后,便有大批犹太人不断移入,到1906--1908年出现第一次高潮,达6 000人.到1920年,移入哈尔滨犹太人达2万人,为哈尔滨犹太人移民最多时期.移入哈尔滨的犹太人多数为俄罗斯国籍,其余为波兰、立陶宛、拉脱维亚、法国等国籍.哈尔滨犹太人在房地产业和工商业经营方面具有明显优势;在教授、律师、医护人员、工程技术人员等职业及文化艺术界领域中,犹太人表现出了相当高的文化素质和专业技术能力.     

城市旅居与留学生作家的精神个性

苏曼殊的城市旅居和文学创作是留学生文学的内容之一 ,显示出开放思潮熏陶的迹痕。作为青春作家 ,他作品的抒情性表现了中国城市文化日益增多的移民精神 ,具有九十年代后现代学人所描述的“跨文化”风采。在追求精神自由上 ,苏曼殊可称作近代以来留学生作家的代表