国际经济比较中量值统一的价值尺度————剖析联合国ICP方法的缺陷

 对经济成果综合比较的同度量尺度,明确了科学性和统一性的内容与要求.科学性在于要有明确的经济意义,统一性在于国际间使用的价值尺度必须标准相同.通过比较,指出了ICP法的缺陷是意义不明确,尺度不统一,其原因是偏离了卡塞尔的思路.     

Who Gets What From Government? Distributional Consequences of Child‐Care Assistance Policies

Given the fragmented structure of child‐care assistance in the United States, it has been difficult to obtain accurate estimates of which families are assisted, through which mechanisms, and at what level. Making use of survey data from New York City, we analyze the distribution of several forms of public child‐care assistance. Results suggest that about 40% of all families with young children receive some form of child‐care assistance. Considering all forms of assistance, the distribution of child‐care help is targeted in both expected and some unexpected ways. Implications of these results are discussed in the context of U.S. child‐care policies governing access and benefit levels.     

亚当·斯密的公路经济理论

研究了亚当.斯密公路经济理论的几个重要观点:公路的选址和规模、资金筹措、运营和征收车辆通行税等,并分析了车辆通行税管理权划归中央或地方的标准,得出建立监督机制、关注乡村公路和偏远公路有利于公路发展的结论,这对中国公路建设理论与实践有重要的借鉴作用。     

Defining the linear portion of a sigmoid‐shaped curve: bend points

Formulae are provided that define the ‘bend points’, the beginning and end of the essentially linear dose–response region, for the four‐parameter logistic model. The formulae are expressed in both response and dose units. The derivation of the formulae is shown in order to illustrate the general nature of the methodology. Examples are given that describe how the formulae may be used while planning and conducting bioassays. Copyright © 2003 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

中国城市究竟如何提升竞争力

提升城市竞争力,对推动城市经济社会的全面发展以及对区域经济的提升是十分重要的。要从宏观和微观上根据城市性质、规模大小、产业特色、区位环境等不同,制定提升竞争力的重点和方针政策,而不能照抄照搬一种模式。     

高技术园区技术效率与规模指数——基于DEA的实证研究

文章运用数据包络分析法评价了53个国家级开发区的投入产出效率、投入剩余和产出亏空状况,同时以超效率DEA模型为基础对这些开发区的生产效率进行综合排名,最后通过线性回归探讨影响投入产出的纯技术效率和规模指数的外部因素。结果发现:(1)在众多的开发区中真正处于有效率生产状态的地区并不多,占20.75%,处于纯技术有效的开发区占39.62%;(2)导致大部分开发区无法处于有效的生产前沿面上进行生产的最直接的原因是规模过小;(3)开发区的投入产出纯技术效率受地区的开放程度、集聚程度和气候环境的影响较大,而规模指数则受开放程度、地区经济实力和政府政策的影响较为明显。     

Making the Best of a Bad Job? Female Part‐Timers’ Orientations and Attitudes to Work

This article uses data from 50 qualitative interviews with female part‐time workers in low‐level jobs in Britain to illustrate their attitudes, orientations and aspirations towards paid work. The research reports two main findings. Firstly, even female part‐time workers at the bottom end of the occupational structure are not a homogeneous group of workers. Secondly, they are not all highly satisfied with their jobs. The article argues that many women (especially those in working‐class households) still do not have a genuine choice between ‘family work’ and ‘market work’. It concludes by presenting a theoretical model of orientations to work.     

On the preservation of copula structure under truncation

The author characterizes the copula associated with the bivariate survival model of Clayton (1978) as the only absolutely continuous copula that is preserved under bivariate truncation.     

日本中小企业对外直接投资的理论解释

与其它发达国家中小企业对外直接投资相比,日本中小企业对外直接投资起步较晚,但发展较为迅速。由于传统的对外直接投资理论无法对这一现象进行解释,本文将用比较优势理论、小规模技术理论、企业国际化的网络理论、资源基础论、投资诱发要素组合理论、反技术锁定等理论对这一现象进行理论解释。     

现代国际贸易理论中的国内和国际规模收益

在二战后的国际贸易中,工业化国家之间的制造业产品的交易量巨大,这种产业内贸易现象的出现,在一定程度上对传统的赫克歇尔-俄林-萨缪尔逊贸易模型产生了冲击和质疑。经济学家从多个角度寻求对这种现象的理论解释,并开始注意产品差别化及其对规模经济的影响,但是,这些研究对贸易理论的影响很小,并且解释现实的能力也很弱。因此,把差别化的生产资料作为研究的重点,在国际收益的框架下,建立模型以推出国际规模收益,并且运用这一模型得出了国际规模收益、传统的国内规模收益和要素禀赋论之间的关系。