日本中小企业对外直接投资的理论解释

与其它发达国家中小企业对外直接投资相比,日本中小企业对外直接投资起步较晚,但发展较为迅速。由于传统的对外直接投资理论无法对这一现象进行解释,本文将用比较优势理论、小规模技术理论、企业国际化的网络理论、资源基础论、投资诱发要素组合理论、反技术锁定等理论对这一现象进行理论解释。     

现代国际贸易理论中的国内和国际规模收益

在二战后的国际贸易中,工业化国家之间的制造业产品的交易量巨大,这种产业内贸易现象的出现,在一定程度上对传统的赫克歇尔-俄林-萨缪尔逊贸易模型产生了冲击和质疑。经济学家从多个角度寻求对这种现象的理论解释,并开始注意产品差别化及其对规模经济的影响,但是,这些研究对贸易理论的影响很小,并且解释现实的能力也很弱。因此,把差别化的生产资料作为研究的重点,在国际收益的框架下,建立模型以推出国际规模收益,并且运用这一模型得出了国际规模收益、传统的国内规模收益和要素禀赋论之间的关系。     

Triadic Interaction among Newly Acquainted 2-year-olds

Are children as young as 2 years old able to interact in groups of three? The study applied the family triad model first introduced by Parke, Power, and Gottman (1979 ) to the case of peer interaction. In Experiment 1 , the model was refined for use in studies of peer interaction and applied to an existing dataset of 16 triads of newly acquainted 24‐month‐olds. In Experiment 2 , the triadic coding system was further refined and applied to 12 single‐sex triads of newly acquainted 2‐year‐olds. The findings demonstrated that 2‐year‐olds are capable of triadic interaction although the predominant interaction pattern in triads is still dyadic. Contrary to past reports, triadic interaction was more likely to occur when the children were not in conflict. Both girls and boys were capable of triadic interaction.     

零售企业数字化转型对经营效率的影响研究——基于上市企业年报的文本挖掘分析

在构建以国内大循环为主体、国内国际双循环相互促进的新发展格局下,零售企业数字化转型具有重要的现实意义。基于2010—2019年中国实体上市零售企业的年报信息,采用文本挖掘法测算了零售企业的数字化转型水平,并实证检验了零售企业数字化转型对经营效率的影响机制与效应。实证结果表明,数字化转型显著促进了零售企业经营效率的提升。从影响机制来看,数字化转型通过扩大市场规模和改善管理效率对经营效率产生正向影响;从数字化转型的分维度来看,数字化技术的应用对经营效率的提升有显著促进作用,而数字化商业模式和数字化渠道的作用不显著。从异质性分析来看,数字化转型对零售企业经营效率的提升效应主要体现在国有企业当中;规模过大会抑制零售企业数字化转型对经营效率的提升作用;东中部地区零售企业数字化转型对提升经营效率的影响显著,但是这一影响在西部地区并不显著。因此,加快推进数字化转型升级,加大数字化技术应用力度,发挥国有企业示范作用,以及克服“大企业病”,均是促进零售企业经营效率提升的关键。     

关系化用工:农业规模经营的社会基础

农业规模经营是中国乡村振兴进程中的关键议题。农业规模经营在快速发展的同时也呈现出用工效益的差异,从而使一些规模农业经营主体陷入困境。采用嵌入性视角探讨农业规模经营中用工模式嵌入社会关系的逻辑及其影响。研究发现,农业规模经营陷入困境的主要原因在于市场化用工无法有效解决农业规模经营中的劳动监督问题。而将市场规则嵌入关系规则的关系化用工使得雇佣双方产生了利他倾向,进而在很大程度上调动了工人内在的劳动积极性,从而使农业规模经营主体摆脱经营失败困境。关系化用工的实现依赖于农业规模经营主体在用工选择、生产管理和日常生活中充分发挥社会关系的积极作用,但社会关系范围和程度都是有限度的。因此,农业规模经营的健康发展不仅需要处理好经济关系,而且需要处理好社会关系。     

基于DEPA探究亚太地区数字贸易治理前景

随着全球数字贸易的迅猛发展,当前WTO多边框架下数字贸易规则存在缺失,使得数字贸易治理呈现出区域化趋势。为探究亚太地区数字贸易治理前景,预判亚太经济体参与数字贸易治理的可能路径,基于《数字经济伙伴关系协定》(DEPA),采用文献分析、规则文本对比、逻辑推演等研究方法,对亚太地区数字贸易治理的议题广度和深度、谈判模式、模块特征、关注焦点及竞争格局进行全面系统的分析研判。研究认为,未来亚太数字贸易治理主要呈现以下趋向:数字贸易治理将涵盖更多新兴技术领域,传统议题也会趋于更高标准; 专门协定的高效率将驱使数字贸易议题逐渐与传统议题相剥离,协定的框架形式也将采取开放、灵活、包容的“主题模块”形式。数字包容性发展、数字便利化等议题将是亚太数字贸易治理的焦点议题; 亚太数字贸易治理的大国博弈将以中美两国为中心,中小经济体也会以“联合抱团”来争取某些议题的话语权。     

中国服务业高质量发展评价与实现路

服务业高质量发展日益成为经济高质量发展的重要题中之义。在充分梳理服务业高质量发展 文献的基础上,将服务业高质量发展解构为结构高质量、效益高质量、规模高质量、品牌高质量4 个部分, 进而构建了服务业高质量发展的评价指标体系。根据该指标体系对中国服务业高质量发展进行总体、分 类、分区测算,发现中国服务业高质量发展呈现总体上升、品牌迟滞、区域失调的态势。研究发现:中国服 务业可以通过结构优化、品牌再造、融合发展、协调共进四个路径来实现更优的高质量发展。本文的研究 是建构服务业高质量发展指标评价的有益尝试,对服务业高质量发展具有一定的政策启示。     

Coherent decision analysis with inseparable probabilities and utilities

This article explores the extent to which a decision maker's probabilities can be measured separately from his/her utilities by observing his/her acceptance of small monetary gambles. Only a partial separation is achieved: the acceptable gambles are partitioned into a set of belief gambles, which reveals probabilities distorted by marginal utilities for money, and a set of preference gambles, which reveals utilities reciprocally distorted by marginal utilities for money. However, the information in these gambles still enables us to solve the decision maker's problem: his/her utility-maximizing decision is the one that avoids arbitrage (i.e., incoherence or Dutch books).     

采矿工程研究生培养及教学方式的探索与实践

结合重庆大学采矿工程学科研究生教育和培养的理论与实践,重点阐述对研究生培养及改革教学方式的有益探索,其成果为我国工科研究生培养提供了可借鉴的成功经验。     

Financial management: Development of scales

This study is a contribution to the development of family resource management scales, specifically financial management scales. Principal axis factor analysis, with varimax rotation, is used to assess underlying relationships in 23 family resource management variables related to time and money resources. Reliability and content, construct, and criterion-related validity of the scales are assessed. Two scales that are reliable and have some degree of validity are developed: frequency of financial problems and frequency of financial management. The scales could be used in future research, teaching, or counseling to organize financial management concepts.Preparation of this research was supported in part by the Illinois Agricultural Experiment Station. Data were collected in conjunction with the cooperative regional research project NC-182, Family Resource Utilization as a Factor in Determining Economic Well-Being of Rural Families. Cooperating states are Arizona, California, Illinois, Indiana, Iowa, Kansas, Michigan, and Minnesota.She received her Ph.D. from the University of Illinois; her current research interests include gender roles, family financial management, and economic well-being.Her current research interests include family financial management and consumer bankruptcy. She received her Ph.D. from the University of Missouri.Her current research interests include the economic well-being of various family forms. She received her Ph.D. from the University of Illinois.She received her Ph.D. from the University of Illinois. Her research interests are economic well-being and quality of life.