金融机构支持中小企业发展的对策研究

中小企业作为我国经济的重要组成部分, 其自身的发展壮大和作用的充分发挥离不开金融机构的支持。因此, 充分认识中小企业在经济社会发展中的作用, 积极探索金融机构支持中小企业发展的有效措施是很必要的     

我国中小企业融资难题分析与化解对策

在国家金融危机的背景下,国家收紧银根和对房地产等行业调控,多数中小企业陷入经营困境,资金短缺,营业收入大幅下降,经营成本急剧上升,利润空间被严重挤压,造成中小型企业资金链断裂。中小企业自身存在的问题也造成了更为广泛的融资困局,包括融资中内源融资供给量减少、融资风险增加、融资成本和融资难度加大等问题。在这种情况下,需要中小企业自身、政府、金融机构各方的协力合作,加大对中小企业的金融支持,拓宽融资渠道,建立多样化中小企业融资制度,推动中小企业健康发展。     

Evaluation of Embedded Intelligent Real‐time Systems*

Over the past two decades, questions have surfaced about the effectiveness and contribution of intelligent systems to decision makers in a variety of settings. This paper focuses on the evaluation challenges associated with intelligent real‐time software systems that are embedded in larger host systems. With the proliferation of such systems in operational settings such as aerospace, medical, manufacturing, and transportation systems, increased attention to evaluations of such systems, and to resulting software safety, is warranted. This paper describes one such evaluation and proposes a set of evaluation criteria for embedded intelligent real‐time systems (EIRTS). Implications of the evaluation and the evaluation criteria are discussed.     

Behavior in Multi‐Unit Demand Auctions: Experiments with Uniform Price and Dynamic Vickrey Auctions

We experimentally investigate the sensitivity of bidders demanding multiple units of a homogeneous commodity to the demand reduction incentives inherent in uniform price auctions. There is substantial demand reduction in both sealed bid and ascending price clock auctions with feedback regarding rivals' drop‐out prices. Although both auctions have the same normal form representation, bidding is much closer to equilibrium in the ascending price auctions. We explore the behavioral process underlying these differences along with dynamic Vickrey auctions designed to eliminate the inefficiencies resulting from demand reduction in the uniform price auctions.     

AN EMPIRICAL EXAMINATION OF THE UNDERLYING DIMENSIONS OF PURCHASING COMPETENCE

The importance of evaluating the effectiveness of the purchasing function in firms along multiple criteria has attracted considerable attention. However, few studies have identified the defining elements that constitute purchasing competence. This paper introduces the construct of purchasing competence using a second‐order factor structure derived from purchasing practices identified from the literature. The validity of the construct (purchasing competence) is tested using data from a sample of 179 firms. The results indicate (1) the construct validity of purchasing competence and (2) the predictive validity of purchasing competence, which has a significant positive influence on total quality management performance and customer satisfaction. The implications of these findings for additional research are discussed.     

LOT‐SIZING RULE AND FREEZING THE MASTER PRODUCTION SCHEDULE UNDER CAPACITY CONSTRAINT AND DETERMINISTIC DEMAND

This paper investigates the performance impact of lot‐sizing rule (LSR) selection and freezing of the master production schedule (MPS) in multi‐item single‐level systems with a single resource constraint under deterministic demand. The results of the study show that the selection of LSRS and the parameters for freezing the MPS have a significant impact on total cost, schedule instability, and the service level of the system. However, the selection of LSRS does not significantly influence the selection of the MPS freezing parameters. The basic conclusions concerning the performance of the freezing parameters under a capacity constraint agreed with previous research findings without consideration of capacity constraints.     

近代上海远东国际汇兑中心的形成

综观历史上重要的国际汇兑中心的发展轨迹,虽各自所处的背景和优势不同,但一般而言,影响一个地区成为国际汇兑中心的最为主要的条件有三:经济规模、金融因素和政治环境。至20世纪二三十年代,上海正是具备了相当数量的汇兑业务量、一定数量的国际汇兑办理机构、品种齐全的汇兑业务种类、符合国际惯例的汇价体系、外汇管制的全面放开等特殊历史条件,与远东唯一的金市场、大条银市场相互套做,形成多角汇兑关系,成为远东汇兑市场之中心,在空间和功能上对伦敦、纽约等欧美国际金融中心起补充作用。上海外汇市场成为远东汇兑市场之中心,次于伦敦、纽约,而成为世界三大汇兑市场之一。     

纵向一体化：近代中国后发小资本进人棉纺织业的成功战略——以大成纺织印染集团为例

错过了“黄金时代”的部分后发小资本通过纵向一体化战略成功进入高壁垒的棉纺织业,并逐步发展成为中型企业集团。大成纺织印染集团,以棉织生产为战略突破口,抓住机器印染业方兴的趋势,先前向一体化印染生产,再后向一体化纺纱生产。这一战略给大成带来了节省交易成本、稳定交易关系、防御竞争对手的优效作用。其成功案例为后发小资本进入高壁垒行业提供了借鉴。     

技工学校改革发展60年历程的回顾与反思

伴随着新中国的成长,技工学校走过了60年历程。根据我国国民经济的发展与教育的结构化调整把技工学校的发展分为几个阶段,并基于对全国技工学校规模的发展变化和引起其变化的政策等两个因素,通过对不同时期的分析,总结了建国60年以来我国技工学校发展的主要经验和变化规律,以国民经济建设对技术工人的需求为基础,并随着教育大众化不断向更高层次发展。     

SHORT‐TERM E‐PROCUREMENT STRATEGIES VERSUS LONG‐TERM CONTRACTS

In this paper we compare the following procurement strategies based on their expected costs: strategic partnership, which is based on a long‐term relationship with a single supplier; online search, which is a short‐term strategy; and a combined strategy, which is some combination of the first two strategies. In addition, we determine for the online search and combined strategy the optimal number of suppliers to contact for a price quote, and analyze how it depends on the various cost and demand parameters. The main contribution of this paper is that it does not assume a single procurement strategy, but rather compares three alternatives.