Book Reviews

Books reviewed:
Barbara A. Fennell, A History of English: A Sociolinguistic Approach
Kevin McCafferty, Ethnicity and Language Change: English in (London)Derry, Northern Ireland
Pieter Muysken, Bilingual Speech: A Typology of Code-Mixing.
Ulrich Ammon (ed.), The Dominance of English as a Language of Science: Effects on Other Languages and Language Communities
Andrew Goatly, Critical Reading and Writing. An Introductory Coursebook
Ana Roca (ed.), Research on Spanish in the United States. Linguistic Issues and Challenges
Ishtla Singh, Pidgins and Creoles: An Introduction     

婚龄性别比失衡对社会运行和发展的影响——来自吉林省延边朝鲜族自治州农村地区的调查分析

婚龄性别比失衡问题到底有什么样的社会影响?这些社会影响的性质、影响范围以及具体表现又是怎样?为了回答这些问题,我们对延边地区进行了实地调查和深度访谈,发现该地区的婚龄男女性别比失衡相当明显。在这些地区,由于婚龄女性人口的大量向城市(国外)流动,当地的很多成年男性到了婚龄,都面临着无妻可娶的窘境。由此,对社会造成了一些负面的影响,社会运行和发展出现了一定程度上的离轨。     

Global standards: promise and pitfalls for re‐inscribing social work into civil society1

This article critiques the modernist logical‐positivist ideology that has underscored social work, and interrogates the promise of the development of global standards to re‐inscribe social work into civil society at the global level. The potential pitfalls and dangers of such an initiative are also examined. The development of global standards was born out of an assumption that there is a common core to social work on a global level and on an essential affirmation of humanity and human dignity of all peoples across the world. Global standards might be construed to constitute a hegemonic Western discourse and a denial of context‐specific realities. However, a judicious, sensitive, post‐modernist and critical approach may enhance sensitivity towards difference and a greater appreciation of locally specific realities, within the global sphere.     

技术的社会建构：理论探索与政策含义

技术的社会建构论以建构主义为思想基石,聚焦于考察技术被建构的过程。在该理论框架中,技术被界定为社会行动,从而消解了传统的“人—机”二元论,而走向一种“可塑因—不可塑因”的新二分法;技术的结构即是围绕技术的社会行动结构,各个行动者之间的权力分布和互动关系可运用网络方法加以分析;技术发展是一个建构的演化过程,其动力源自于各类行动者的建构作用,多样性源自于各类行动者的异质性,行动者之间的协商构成了选择环境;社会建构论包含一种建构论的政策思想,强调政策干预的持续性、地方性以及政策决策民主化。     

构建社会主义和谐社会的哲学思考

构建社会主义和谐社会的战略决策是我们党对新世纪、新阶段我国经济社会发展的新要求和我国社会出现的新趋势、新特点的科学判断和理性抉择。要从社会有机体的理论视角阐释物质文明、政治文明、精神文明和和谐社会的"四位一体"建设;要不断认识和把握和谐社会建设的特点和规律;要以马克思主义关于社会主义社会建设理论为科学的理论指导,深入调查研究,不断提高构建社会主义和谐社会的能力。     

毛泽东、邓小平、江泽民社会发展观之比较

以社会发展观的研究为视角,在系统阐述中国共产党三代领导核心对中国革命和建设的发展道路、社会发展本质和社会发展目标方面的理论思想,揭示了毛泽东、邓小平、江泽民社会发展观一脉相承的内在本质和各自特色,充分展示了他们坚持真理、修正错误、与时俱进、不断开拓创新的科学理论品质和逻辑。     

Statistics for weighing benefits and harms in a proposed genetic substudy of a randomized cancer prevention trial

Summary.  When evaluating potential interventions for cancer prevention, it is necessary to compare benefits and harms. With new study designs, new statistical approaches may be needed to facilitate this comparison. A case in point arose in a proposed genetic substudy of a randomized trial of tamoxifen versus placebo in asymptomatic women who were at high risk for breast cancer. Although the randomized trial showed that tamoxifen substantially reduced the risk of breast cancer, the harms from tamoxifen were serious and some were life threaten-ing. In hopes of finding a subset of women with inherited risk genes who derive greater bene-fits from tamoxifen, we proposed a nested case–control study to test some trial subjects for various genes and new statistical methods to extrapolate benefits and harms to the general population. An important design question is whether or not the study should target common low penetrance genes. Our calculations show that useful results are only likely with rare high penetrance genes.     

汉口租界的报刊与传播控制

近代汉口新闻事业之发端与繁荣,与租界及租界特殊的传播环境有密切关系。开埠以来,外侨与国人在汉口的五国租界里创办了近百种报刊。租界内的新闻传播受到多方面控制:汉口租界当局的基本章程中有关于新闻传播管理的条例;满清与北洋政府从多方面对租界内的报刊进行钳制;军阀势力与帝国主义列强亦常插手干涉。与上海租界相较,汉口租界的媒介与传播环境仍有自己的特色。     

经济适用住房成本控制体系问题及对策

本文从总结现阶段经济适用房建设的基本模式入手,分析了经济适用房建设中住房成本控制体系中存在的主要问题及其原因,最后提出了若干对策。     

失控的政府与政府的失控

凡立宪国家,不管民主政治发展的实际程度如何,一般都采用分权制衡的权力结构模式,即国家的立法、行政和司法权都由不同的机构来行使。二战后,权力结构的重心不断向行政方面转移,原有的三权分立制衡机制失衡,使得行政权失去应有的制约,导致出现失控的政府;失控的政府致使行政权呈现无限扩大的趋势,导致政府失控。政府失控所带来的政治和社会问题,成为现代各国的一大难题。