Worldviews or Social Groups as the Source of Moral Value Attitudes: Implications for the Culture Wars Thesis

Individual moral value attitudes are typically explained by reference to social experiences as indicated by social group variables. Contrary to this view, the emergent culture wars perspective claims that two worldviews that transcend social groups are ultimately and fundamentally responsible for moral value attitudes. Although this relationship has been claimed for the general population, it has not been investigated with national representative data. This paper contrasts the worldview and social group explanations by examining the relative importance of the worldviews implicated in the culture wars literature and the social groups found to be important in previous research. I find social groups to be more important than worldviews, but that worldviews also have explanatory power. I conclude with a discussion about possible clarifications of the culture wars thesis.     

The design of organizations and the right to act

Recent innovations in the structure of formal organizations suggest possible directions for the design of schools to bring about high achievement. The structure of output-driven in contrast to administratively-driven schools is described, and designs are described which address both the goal of high achievement and the goal of reduced inequality.An earlier version of this paper was presented as the author's Sorokin Lecture at the annual meeting of the Eastern Sociological Society, Boston, March 1993.     

论人的发展及其动力

人是不断发展的。人的发展主要是指作为"个人"和"人类"辩证统一的"人"的发展,包括个体特征的发展和社会特征的发展。人的个体特征的发展主要体现为身体的发展、实践活动的发展和精神活动的发展;人的社会特征的发展主要体现为人的社会素质的发展、人的需要的发展、人的社会关系的发展和人的个性的发展。人的发展是由多种动力推进的。人的需要的发展是引起人不断发展的自身内在的精神性动力,人的实践的发展是促使人不断发展的自身外在的物质性动力,社会环境的发展则是实现人不断发展的外部环境条件。在我国当前的社会主义建设中,贯彻科学发展观,坚持以人为本,就是为促进人的发展创造条件。     

农村数字化与粮食供应链韧性:理论机制、经验证据及政策选择

选取2011-2021年的省级数据,构建粮食供应链韧性和农村数字化的综合指标体系,运用固定效应模型探究农村数字化对粮食供应链韧性的影响,研究发现:农村数字化的发展能够提升粮食供应链韧性;异质性检验结果表明,农村数字化对粮食供应链韧性的正向效应在中部地区最强,西部地区最弱。因此应重视农村数字化转型在粮食供应链韧性提升中的重要作用、实现农村数字化转型阶梯式发展,以提高我国粮食安全的可靠性。     

数字素养是乡村生活数字化转型的驱动力吗?——基于山东省1 037位农村居民的调研数据

从数字技术应用素养、数字内容社交素养、数字媒体创新素养和数字安全保护素养4个维度构建农村居民数字素养评价指标体系,探讨数字素养对农村居民数字生活参与的影响效应和作用机制。研究发现,农村居民数字素养总体偏低。数字素养显著正向影响农村居民数字消费、数字文娱、数字出行、数字教育、数字医疗和数字生活参与度。社会网络、社会学习和自我效能感在上述影响中发挥部分中介作用,并且对不同领域数字生活的影响有较显著差异。进一步研究发现,数字素养通过强弱社会关系网络对农村居民各领域数字生活影响存在差异,尤其是弱关系网络对参与复杂数字生活有显著影响。据此提出建立健全数字教育培育体系,提高农村居民自我效能感,统筹协调强、弱社会网络,提升社会学习能力等对策建议。     

融合型治理:县域城镇化何以助推基层治理有效

基层治理有效是国家治理现代化的重要目标,有赖于对基层社会和民众的多元化需求的及时回应与满足。当前,基层治理大多聚焦于治理资源的整合,而对于治理资源如何转化为治理效能的过程和机理则关注不够,在实践层面也忽视了不同单元、类型和需求下基层治理的差异性和非均衡性。县域城镇化与基层治理在场域、过程和目标上具有耦合性,县域城镇化助推基层治理的关键在于,以要素整合为基础实现资源要素与治理需求有效对接,平衡治理场域内的供需关系,以实现治理资源向治理效能的转化。从供需关系的视角出发,重点关注治理资源向治理效能转化的过程与机制,构建“资源整合-供需平衡-治理有效”的融合型治理分析框架,探析县域城镇化助推基层治理有效的实践路径和运行逻辑。四川省邛崃市的实践表明,借助治理要素、治理单元、治理路径和治理效能的有机融合,融合型治理能推动“供需对接-供需适配-供需调节-供需平衡”的供需关系转换,力求实现基层均衡型善治,为县域内不同治理单元撬动城乡发展资源、促进城乡融合、助推基层治理提供支撑。为此,未来要进一步细化县域城镇化进程中基层单元的类型,挖掘基层治理资源与要素,拓展县域城镇化与基层治理的链接方式,不断推动县域城镇化与基层治理的契合和互促。     

健全粮食安全利益保障体系的机制设计与政策建议

发挥经济激励对国家粮食安全的保障作用至关重要。经过多年来的实践探索,我国基本建立起多维立体的涉粮激励政策体系,形成了稳定粮农收入、优化营商环境、调动产区积极性和保障消费者可得性的政策框架,但仍存在种粮农民利润空间压缩、粮油加工业后劲潜力不足、粮食主产区高产穷县等问题。针对粮食安全利益保障水平较低背后成因,探索构建以实现“产得出、运得到、买得起”为目标、协调粮食产业链利益相关主体关系、充分释放经济效益在保障粮食安全中作用的机制,并提出健全粮食安全利益保障体系的对策建议:一是优化补贴政策,强化政策保本功能;二是加快发展农业社会化服务,实现经营增效;三是协调产业链主体关系;四是逐步健全主产区利益补偿机制;五是健全应急储备及市场调节机制。     

论弱势群体的社会法保护

弱势群体的大量存在引发一系列的社会问题,成为构建和谐社会的一大障碍。社会法作为兼具公法与私法双重属性的第三法域,可以为弱势群体提供最佳的保护。我国保护弱势群体的法律制度还不健全,对弱势群体的保护仍存在不足,应进一步完善社会法,向弱势群体倾斜,保障和促进弱势群体享有劳动权、社会保障权、结社权等各项基本人权。     

A global meaning of supply chain social sustainability

Abstract

The purpose of this research is to help reduce tensions in supply chain social sustainability (SCSS) decisions by providing a common global, contextual definition of social sustainability. This exploratory study utilised an inductive structured interview method to capture SCSS concept meanings. Those interviewed are from, have lived, and worked in developed economies, emerging economies and the base of the pyramid (BOP) economies. The results present a new global baseline definition of SCSS to inform theory and practice by finding that SCSS meanings differ not only between the different levels of economic development, but also within the levels as well. Culture, community and whether basic human needs are met all weigh into perspectives of what this concept is and should entail; a broad, contingent definition is most appropriate moving forward for sustainability planning and execution. Further research with stakeholders in more countries and communities is needed to validate our proposal.     

A praxis and Research Agenda for Multicultural Human Services Organizations

Human services organizations in the United States are currently faced with the problems of a diminishing and shifting resource base coupled with increasing demands for services. In addition, national demographic changes with increasing social diversity, and a rise in racial, ethnic, gender and other group-based tensions have posed special challenges for human service organizations. By tracing the history of social work approaches to working with ethnic minorities, this paper argues that responses to environmental flux have in fact been inadequate in addressing issues of social inequalities and injustices. We articulate a vision of socially just and diverse human services organizations that are both empowering and empowered. We call these Multicultural Human Services Organizations (MHSO). We spell out praxis and research agendas that continue the social justice-social diversity mission that is central to our vision.