集权、分权、利益集团理论与美国公共行政的发展

本文从论述汉密尔顿、杰斐逊和麦迪逊政治思想入手，分析了以集权思想为特征的汉密尔顿＂古典式行政模式＂、以分权思想为特征的杰斐逊＂浪漫式行政模式＂和以利益集团思想为特征的麦迪逊＂新古典式行政模式＂产生的历史条件和原因，并从宏观上考察了３种＂行政模式＂在美国行政的不同发展阶段中的实践和影响。     

区域经济运行中资源地域空间配置研究 --一个数理经济学的理论分析框架

在一定假设条件下,利用数理经济学方法对区域经济运行中的纯粹交换经济系统、纯粹生产经济系统、生产--交换经济系统中的资源地域空间配置优化进行一般均衡及其均衡扩展比较研究,发现并证明无论何种类型的区域经济体系或多区域经济体系,资源地域空间配置优化的宏观经济效益与微观经济效益并不总是一致的,存在着差异与负相关的可能性.     

通货紧缩的经济社会效应分析

通货紧缩作为经济运行中的一种常态现象 ,必然对经济、社会产生多方面影响。其效应表现为 :通过一般物价水平的下降以及对现存市场供求关系的破坏 ,对生产产生促退效应 ,导致失业率上升 ;总体上降低居民的消费能力 ;造成分配不公 ,导致社会财富由债务人向债权人、由国家向公众、由企业向消费者、由低收入者向高收入者的转移。针对通货紧缩的负效应 ,政府要采取措施 ,抑制分配不公 ,适当地向收入较低的普通百姓倾斜 ;企业要抓住机遇 ,尽快清理库存 ,同时狠抓技术创新、质量提高和内部管理 ,为新一轮发展作准备 ;居民要调整“买涨不买落”的传统心态 ,树立消费新观念。     

论空间权

空间权是一种新型权利,空间权法理是传统土地所有权理论的新发展。空间权与土地权利的关系密切而复杂,准确恰当地定位两者的关系是空间权研究的核心问题。     

善是什么

善恶观念的产生要从物质实践出发来解释。对什么是善的问题 ,西方伦理学家们依据自己不同的研究方法 ,各抒己见 ,这些观点有其合理性 ,同时也存在着不可避免的缺陷 ,追问善的问题 ,离不开对善恶关系的探讨 ,善恶是相对的 ,同时也存在着客观的评价标准。考察善是什么 ,必须将动机与效果统一起来才能把握     

创业教育探究

创业教育是未来主导性教育体制与教育形态之一 ,它植根于创业概念、创业现象、创业学、创业大赛、创业者的研究之中。创业教育走过了一条从无到有 ,从精英到平民的道路。创业教育的兴起是国际政治、经济、文化、教育、价值竞争的结果     

A Bayesian Adjustment for Covariate Misclassification with Correlated Binary Outcome Data

Estimated associations between an outcome variable and misclassified covariates tend to be biased when the methods of estimation that ignore the classification error are applied. Available methods to account for misclassification often require the use of a validation sample (i.e. a gold standard). In practice, however, such a gold standard may be unavailable or impractical. We propose a Bayesian approach to adjust for misclassification in a binary covariate in the random effect logistic model when a gold standard is not available. This Markov Chain Monte Carlo (MCMC) approach uses two imperfect measures of a dichotomous exposure under the assumptions of conditional independence and non-differential misclassification. A simulated numerical example and a real clinical example are given to illustrate the proposed approach. Our results suggest that the estimated log odds of inpatient care and the corresponding standard deviation are much larger in our proposed method compared with the models ignoring misclassification. Ignoring misclassification produces downwardly biased estimates and underestimate uncertainty.     

面孔认知中表情的印象操作的有效性

运用促进面孔记忆新的处理策略“表情的印象操作”，研究在笑脸中包含着怎样的信息。研究发现，与平静表情的面孔相比，笑脸是更具优势的表情，在笑脸的表情之中包含着更多促进面孔记忆的信息。     

A Note on the Role of the Propensity Score for Estimating Average Treatment Effects

Hahn [Hahn, J. (1998). On the role of the propensity score in efficient semiparametric estimation of average treatment effects. Econometrica 66:315-331] derived the semiparametric efficiency bounds for estimating the average treatment effect (ATE) and the average treatment effect on the treated (ATET). The variance of ATET depends on whether the propensity score is known or unknown. Hahn attributes this to “dimension reduction.” In this paper, an alternative explanation is given: Knowledge of the propensity score improves upon the estimation of the distribution of the confounding variables.     

The potential of integrated modelling in conservation biology: A case study of the black‐footed albatross (Phoebastria nigripes)

Conservation biology aims at assessing the status of a population, based on information which is often incomplete. Integrated population modelling based on state‐space models appears to be a powerful and relevant way of combining into a single likelihood several types of information such as capture‐recapture data and population surveys. In this paper, the authors describe the principles of integrated population modelling and they evaluate its performance for conservation biology based on a case study, that of the black‐footed albatross, a northern Pacific albatross species suspected to be impacted by longline fishing