生产力的革命——从工具生产力到和谐生产力

由工具理性主导的工具生产力升华为价值理性主导的和谐生产力,是生产力理论以和谐为指向的革命。和谐生物,乃自然生产力的和谐之维;和谐生产,则是社会生产力的和谐之道。和谐生产力,是和谐发展背景下一个极具中国特色的构思。和谐生产力是和谐社会坚实的生产力基础：和谐的自然生产力,是大自然和谐生物的力量,因而也是人与自然和谐发展的力量;和谐的社会生产力,是社会经济系统和谐发展的力量。和谐生产力的鲜明和谐指归,使自然生产力和社会生产力都运行在坚实的和谐之道上,彰显了生产力的和谐意旨。     

美国外交中的援助制裁行为

作为经济制裁的一种,援助制裁是援助国为了实现一定的对外政策目标而采取的延缓、减少、终止援助,或者威胁采取上述措施以惩罚受援国。相对于其他西方国家而言,美国更倾向于使用援助制裁,其目的是使被制裁国按其意愿采取或改变政策。援助制裁还是美国推行人权外交的重要手段,但在实际执行中,援助制裁却往往很难奏效。此外,援助国实施援助制裁的决心、目标国对援助的依赖程度以及国际社会的协调行动都在某种程度上削弱或抵消援助制裁的效果。     

Decision‐making in child welfare services: Professional discretion versus standardized templates

The article explores differences in the assessment and decision‐making processes, in child welfare services where a standardized template is implemented and in services where it is not. Child welfare services in several countries use different approaches to assess children's and families' need for intervention. In Norway, as in other European countries, there is a shortage of knowledge about decision‐making strategies. The article examines how 36 child welfare caseworkers in 6 different teams in Norway investigate, assess, and make decisions at the phase of an incoming referral. The analysed data were collected by focus group interviews. We use decision theory as a theoretical frame of reference. The analysis shows variation in the assessment procedure at different points of the process, depending on which approach was used. Despite such differences, the final decisions made were almost identical. Even though the data has its limitations because of the small number of informants, the results indicate that choice of approach is not decisive for decision‐making in the child welfare services.     

Essential Data Elements for Reporters of Elder Abuse

Most states' adult or elder protective services and aging agency personnel prepare annual reports about their protective services. These reports vary by state and have different terms for the reporter of abuse. Reviewing annual reports from 46 states and the District of Columbia, 248 different terms were used for the reporter of abuse. To develop essential data elements for reporters of abuse, a literature search, a compilation of state elder abuse annual report list of abuse reporters, and a sorting exercise were conducted. Eleven terms were recommended for the different reporters of abuse, encouraging all state administrators and caseworkers to reach consensus to standardize the language.     

Screening for Elder Abuse in Hospitalized Older Adults With Dementia

When older adults with dementia are hospitalized for psychiatric treatment, which elder abuse screen to use is questionable. This article reviews screens to identify desirable characteristics. For clinician completion, the Elder Assessment Instrument and the Brief Abuse Screens for the Elderly are recommended. For the older adult, the brief Hwalek-Sengstock Elder Abuse Screening Test is suitable. The Modified Conflict Tactics Scale, which can be used by both the older adult and the nonprofessional caregiver, has many of the recommended characteristics. Research is necessary in the application of these screens within hospitals to detect elder abuse within this specialized population.     

Assessing the effectiveness of a responsible gambling behavioural feedback tool for reducing the gambling expenditure of at-risk players

The current study assessed the utility of a responsible gambling (RG) tool that provides players with behavioural feedback about their gambling. Data was obtained from 779 people (n = 694 male; n = 85 female) who gambled online with Svenska Spel (the Swedish gambling operator) and who opted to receive behavioural feedback via an RG tool (Playscan). Importantly, data was also obtained from a matched sample of 779 players who did not opt to receive behavioural feedback. Feedback took the form of a colour-coded risk rating (Green = no issues, Yellow = at-risk, Red = problematic), which was determined by a proprietary algorithm. Additionally, gambling expenditure data (amounts deposited and wagered) was gathered for the week in which players enrolled to use the RG tool, the subsequent week and 24 weeks later (this data was also gathered for the matched sample). Results showed that Yellow (i.e. at-risk) players who used the tool significantly reduced the amounts of money deposited and wagered compared to players who did not use the tool – an effect observed the week following enrolment as well as 24 weeks later. Thus, informing at-risk players who have opted to receive feedback about their gambling appears to have a positive impact on subsequent expenditures.     

Meta-Analysis as a Research Synthesis Methodology: Cause for Concern

ABSTRACT

The use of meta-analysis is growing in popularity. It is based on the fundamental notion of the effect size, and a critical assumption is that effect sizes based on different measures are directly comparable. In this article it is argued that the direct comparability of effect sizes across measures implies the invariance of the effect sizes across these measures. A model of standardized mean difference (SMD) effect size invariance is developed, based on multifacet generalizability theory, which shows that SMD effect size invariance requires certain validity invariance conditions to hold. One implication of these findings is that the direct comparability of SMD effect sizes based on different measurement procedures is an empirical matter requiring testing prior to conducting a meta-analysis. Findings are also discussed suggesting that violations of one of these conditions—universe score validity invariance—can bring about substantial differences across SMD effect sizes as a function of measurement procedure. These findings suggest the need for a more refined use of meta-analysis since meta-analytic results may be adversely impacted by the lack of direct comparability of effect sizes based on different measures.     

评论、指控与发表上的失当——对王彬彬教授《汪晖<反抗绝望——鲁迅及其文学世界>的学风问题》的学术批评

王彬彬教授《汪晖<反抗绝望——鲁迅及其文学世界>的学风问题》一文在评论、指控与发表上均存在着失当的地方。的确,从当前中国"国家学术形象"须大力重塑的角度看,王文的学术意义和现实意义较大,不过,在学理层面上认识到其中的不足也是很必要的。因为只有这样,我们才有可能更有效地为"国家学术形象"的重塑添砖加瓦;也只有这样,中国走上学术规范化的道路才会有更为坚实的基础。     

河北省高速公路建设的管理机制设计

高速公路建设对于实现河北省内贯通一体化发展,改善路网结构,提升交通运力,加快沿线资源开发,促进地方经济发展具有重要意义和影响。为促进河北省高速公路建设规范管理,提高效益,对高速公路建设主要涉及的建设单位、施工单位和监理单位三方进行有效的管理,从科学管理和文化管理两个层面,内部和外部约束与激励双重角度,设计了＂标准化管理＋保障制度＋廉政文化氛围＂的管理机制。     

VaR方法在外汇风险管理中的应用

外汇风险是一个开放型经济所必然要面对的问题,各国央行都把保持币值稳定作为其重要任务,涉外企业因外汇风险处置不当而蒙受巨大损失的事例屡见不鲜。无论是从宏观上还是从微观上,外汇风险都极大地影响着一国的经济状况。VaR方法是近年来国际上流行的一种新的风险防范技术,本文将介绍外汇风险产生的根源以及探讨利用VaR技术予以防范的办法。