以诸子思想变革为借鉴,进行现代思想变革

诸子思想变革是两千多年前中国社会变革的导引，是集权官僚制取代封建领主制的时代精神的体现。借鉴诸子思想变革的一般精神和方法论，是现代思想变革的必要环节。借鉴并不等于全盘继承，两千年后的现代社会矛盾已发生了质的变化，集权官僚制已丧失其先进性和合理性，并成为现代社会变革和思想变革的对象，因此，不能片面地“复兴”两千多年的诸子思想，而应在借鉴其一般性的变革精神和方法论的同时，批判其论证和维护集权官僚制的内容。与此同时，对清朝末年开始形成的殖民地意识及其衍生的推崇西方资本主义思想的“全盘西化”思潮，也应进行分析批判和清除，真正确立以中国劳动者为主体的现代思想系统，主导现代中国的社会变革。     

关于反对“新官僚主义”的思考

官僚主义作为社会政治生活中的"顽疾",在不同的历史时期有不同的表现.与计划经济时期以"做官当老爷"为主要特征的官僚主义相比,市场经济条件下的"新官僚主义"因其极端个人主义的内在本质而对党和政府的肌体危害更大.因此,贯彻"三个代表"重要思想,全面建设小康社会,必须坚定不移地反对"新官僚主义".从根本上医治"官僚主义"顽疾,一是要严把干部"入口"关;二是要坚定地维护党的纪律的严肃性,把从严治党方针贯彻到各项工作中去.三是要不断完善民主监督机制,加大人民群众对领导干部的监督力度.     

Bureaucratic encounters “after neoliberalism”: Examining the supportive turn in social housing governance

It is well established that encounters between welfare bureaucracies and their clients have been reconfigured under neoliberalism to address the problem of “welfare dependency.” Contemporary bureaucratic encounters therefore entail measures to activate clients’ entrepreneurial/self-governing capacities, and conditionality/sanctioning practices to deal with clients who behave “irresponsibly.” Despite the dominance of the neoliberal model, recent research has identified a counter-trend in the practices of housing services away from entrepreneurializing and punitive strategies and towards a more supportive approach. This paper examines this counter-trend and its implications for neoliberal welfare governance. To do this, it presents findings from research into social housing governance in Queensland, Australia, where the neoliberal focus on welfare independence, conditionality and sanctioning has been tempered by a new supportive approach focused on assisting vulnerable clients to maintain and benefit from access to welfare/housing support. Following Larner, we argue that this shift signals the emergence of an “after neoliberal” governmental formation, wherein key features of neoliberal governmentality are replaced by, or redeployed in the service of, progressive initiatives that address neoliberalism’s failings at the street level, but leave broader neoliberal policy settings undisturbed. We also challenge recent sociological accounts that construe supportive welfare practices as a function of an all-encompassing neoliberal project, arguing instead for appreciation of the contingency of these developments and the progressive political affordances that they entail.     

Irrational rationalities and governmentality-effected neglect in immigration practice: Legal migrants’ entitlements to services and benefits in the United Kingdom

Governments’ attempts to manage immigration increasingly restrict immigrants’ eligibility to healthcare, education, and welfare benefits. This article examines the operation of these restrictions in the United Kingdom. It draws on qualitative research with civil servants and NGO expert advisors, and applies sociological theories on bureaucracy as a lens to interpret these data. Conceptually, the paper employs a generative synthesis of Ritzer’s notion of “irrational rationality” and Foucault’s perspective on “governmentality” to explain observed outcomes. Findings show that public service workers struggle with complex and opaque regulations, which grant different entitlements to different categories of migrants. The confusion results in mistakes, arbitrary decisions, and hypercorrection, but also a system-wide indifference to irrational outcomes, supported by human factors in contexts of austerity. I consider this a form of governmentality-effected neglect, where power operates as much through inaction as well as through intention, but which results in exclusions of legal migrants that are harsher in practice than in law.     

天地之间：东汉官员的双重责任

自秦朝至清朝,朝廷任命的地方官员不仅对其上级负有义务,而且代表地方利益。这样的结构性特征被称为“双重责任”。对上负责可以在韦伯的官僚科层框架中得到理解,但无法解释官员对地方利益的维护。本文通过研究东汉时期地方官员的双重责任,分析官员如何维护地方利益。基于对东汉时期政府结构、政治思想和晋升制度的考查,本文提出三种解释：实际需求、儒家意识形态和声誉机制。此观点在实证中得到一定支持。运用东汉时期的官方档案和古代碑刻等原始资料,本文对韦伯有关中华帝国治理制度的分析提出质疑,并对存在了2000多年的“低效率”机制背后潜在的社会合理性提出了新的见解。     

“条”“块”不对称：跨界海域环境治理政策失灵的制度归因——以《渤海碧海行动计划》为例

跨界海域环境治理因为涉及到多个部门和不同区域,在政策的具体执行中采用的是科层制管理方式。条块分割、职责明确、文牍主义是科层制组织高效管理的最基本要素。但是,在环渤海环境治理政策制定和实施的过程中,因为＂条＂和＂块＂的不对称等原因,科层制管理中出现的官僚主义作风、各部门间的敷衍推诿、各地方政府间的利益冲突和地方执行机关的形式主义等导致了政策失灵。《渤海环境保护总体规划》的实施在同样的制度环境中将遭遇与《渤海碧海行动计划》失效的同样困境,其结果必然体现为政策失灵。     

Local worker discretion within non-governmental organisations: social integration,social control,or innovation?

Abstract

This paper focuses on the dynamics of frontline organisational practice and examines how non-governmental organisations (NGOs) act as an intermediary between people and the state. It explores how workers in NGOs in the Pearl River Delta are responding to the needs of local migrant populations including rural-to-urban migrants and foreigners within mainland China, cross-border ‘new arrival’ Chinese and ethnic minorities in Hong Kong. We examine how government policy imperatives that relate to (im)migrants within the wider region are operationalised in strategic and direct practice, drawing on the theory of street-level bureaucracy to guide the analysis of primary data collected in two cities (Hong Kong and Guangzhou) during 2014. Key findings provide evidence of discretionary agency in both locations although the broader scope for an agency is evident in Hong Kong than Guangzhou. Implications for future practice are discussed within the context of increasingly restrictive political and social environment within the region.     

Is Bauman's bureau Weber's bureau?: a comment*

In his highly regarded and influential Modernity and the Holocaust Zygmunt Bauman launched one of the most passionate and sustained critiques of 'bureaucratic rationality' seen within social theory for some time. In so doing he drew heavily upon the work of Max Weber for support. In this brief paper I am interested in exploring the extent to which Weber really is the anti-bureaucratic ally Bauman claims him to be. In the first part of the paper I outline the main elements of Bauman's critique of bureaucratic rationality, drawing particular attention to its reliance upon a self-consciously Weberian theoretical lexicon. In the second part of the paper I seek to indicate that, despite his claims to be following in Weber's tracks, Bauman's conclusions regarding the moral vacuity of bureaucratic conduct are the very antithesis of Weber's own.     

浅析中国传统官僚政治的行政价值取向

作为一种社会控制手段,中国传统官僚政治是处于一定社会政治权力结构内的管理中介,其行政行为表现出以君主利益为主导的实质理性取向和对"法律"的非理性取向.但是,在应对社会力量时,它又表现出自身的扩张性倾向,从而集依赖性和独立性于一身.