The Divergent Meanings of Life Satisfaction: Item Response Modeling of the Satisfaction with Life Scale in Greenland and Norway

Cultural differences in response to the Satisfaction With Life Scale (SWLS) items is investigated. Data were fit to a mixed Rasch model in order to identify latent classes of participants in a combined sample of Norwegians (N = 461) and Greenlanders (N = 180). Initial analyses showed no mean difference in life satisfaction between the two subsamples. After transforming the ordinal raw scores into interval scales while simultaneously controlling for response bias, different results appeared. First, approximately 80% of the participants in the Greenlandic subsample fit a latent class with a large degree of random responding to the SWLS. Second, relative to the Norwegians, more Greenlanders were using extreme categories in responding to the SWLS. After statistically controlling for this tendency, Norwegians were in general more satisfied with their lives than Greenlanders. Third, Greenlanders who belonged to one specific latent class were more satisfied than their Norwegian counterparts. A salient feature of this class was the relative unwillingness of respondents to change the circumstances of their lives if they were given such an opportunity. The above results are a reminder of the care that must be used in analyzing survey data across cultures. The analytical strategy applied in the article offers an improved approach to handling such data.     

Dimensions Of Well-Being And Their Measurement: The Spf-Il Scale

What are the dimensions of well-being? That is, what universal goals need to be realized by individuals in order to enhance their well-being? Social production function (SPF) theory asserts that the universal goals affection, behavioral confirmation, status, comfort and stimulation are the relevant dimensions of subjective well-being. Realization of these substantive goals and the perspective on opportunities to realize these goals in the future contributes to the affective and cognitive component of well-being. The theoretical elaboration of this theory has been published elsewhere. This paper provides a measurement instrument for the dimensions of well-being. To measure levels of affection, behavioral confirmation, status, comfort and stimulation and empirically validate the dimensions of well-being, the SPF-IL scale was developed. This paper presents findings from a pilot study (n=145), the main study (n=1094), a test–retest examination (n=163), and a validation study (n=725). The measurement model was tested by means of structural equation modeling. Confirmatory factor analysis supported the dimensional structure of well-being indicating construct validity. The overall fit of the model was sufficient, in spite of the somewhat problematic measurement of status, and the test–retest study showed an acceptable level of stability. As for the content validity of the dimensions and their measurement, various sub-studies showed that the SPF-IL scale is a valid instrument, doing at least as well as popular measures of overall well-being but also specifying its dimensions.     

关于大学生思想政治教育主体契合的思考

学习领会中共中央颁发的《关于进一步加强和改进大学生思想政治教育的意见》精神,坚持真理尺度和价值尺度相统一即美的尺度,着眼于大学生思想政治教育的主体契合问题,得出如下几点思考:一是必须把理想信念教育同大学生成长、成就、成功的内在需求契合;二是必须把爱国主义教育同大学生自尊、自强、自立的内在需求契合;三是必须把基本道德规范教育同大学生社会化、公民化、职业化的内在需求契合;四是必须把完整素质教育同大学生铸人、铸身、铸才的内在需求契合。     

基于信息技术的高职教师评价专家体系研究

教师评价系统不仅要对已经完成的工作进行评价,更要为学校未来发展提供有效的决策支持.专家、同行、在校生、毕业生及其它客观因素都是必须具备的评价因素.合理分配各因素的权重、详实客观地采集信息、科学地推理判断是保证评价信息全面真实的关键.利用现代信息技术的统计分析和渗透功能,使用“一专三化法”建立教师评价专家系统,有效地提高了教师评价的客观性,全面真实反映出教师的当前工作状态,同时为教师未来发展提供了有效的决策支持.     

农民工对教育价值的认知及影响因素分析

教育关系着国计民生,不同社会群体对于教育价值的感知存有差异。基于2012年遍及10省“外出务工人员问卷调查”的数据资料,尝试分析农民工群体对教育价值的认知及影响因素。研究发现：在农民工看来,教育依然是改变其生存境遇的主要期待途径;但不同境遇和心态的农民工在认知方面存在差异,生活境遇低、命运观念重、求职困难、工作心态积极的农民工对教育的期望较高;不同年龄的农民工会有不同判断,年纪较轻的农民工更易于对教育价值产生质疑。农民工群体因为职业的转变而带来的生活、工作空间的变化,使得他们在教育价值判断上产生了一些新的认知特点。     

高职学生社会支持与主观幸福感关系研究

为了解高职学生社会支持与主观幸福感的关系,为高职学生的主观幸福感干预提供帮助,采用SSRS和GWB问卷,调查了河南400名高职学生。结果表明高低社会支持组学生的主观幸福感差异极显著;社会支持及其各维度与主观幸福感的正相关极其显著;客观支持能显著预测主观幸福感,主观支持和支持利用度的预测作用极其显著。     

论阿兰.巴迪欧的主体观

巴迪欧认为存在着唯物主义和唯心主义两种传统的主体范式,唯物范式将主体简化为身体,唯心范式则将主体与身体分开。前者执著于生命中的死亡体验,是世俗性的“享受”;后者注重死亡中的生命体验,呈现为宗教般的“牺牲”,但二者最终走向死亡。因此,巴迪欧提出了第三种主体范式,它处于真理生成的轨道中,居于事件与真理之间,并忠诚于事件。在新的主体范式中,主体与身体具有同一性,既不可分也不可约,两者结合在一起,却又保持着彼此的特殊性。巴迪欧给出的是主体化的身体,这一新的身体作为两者的结合体而出现。     

对隐喻的空间映射论与概念整合认知过程的再认识

回顾Fauconnier的空间映射论与概念整合的认知过程,并对其中的有关内容进行再认识.在再认识中着重强调空间映射与概念整合过程中主观能动性的发挥,相似概念提取的重要性,及隐喻形成后所提取概念缺省的必要性.结论:从认知语言学来看,隐喻的常规和非常规含意划分意义不太大.     

近十年来北京市城区居民生活质量之变迁--对1991年与2001年两次抽样调查的比较分析

本文以 1 991年和 2 0 0 1年两次抽样调查资料为基础 ,从 6个方面 ,选择了 9个主要指标对近 1 0年来北京城区居民生活质量的变化轨迹进行了初步的描述。研究表明 ,近 1 0年来 ,北京城区居民在物质生活方面有显著改善 ,但无论是 1 991年 ,还是 2 0 0 1年 ,生活质量综合指数得分都没有达到全面小康社会的标准 ,这说明进一步提高居民生活质量 ,仍然是全面建设小康社会的重点之一。     

预约合同的违约责任研究

我国现行法缺乏预约合同的系统规定,有关预约合同的违约责任认定也未在学界与实务界达成一致认同。从适应我国现有法治环境并提出合理法制构建的角度出发,选取“主客观相结合说”为预约合同的理论基础,对预约合同的内涵与预约合同的违约责任进行讨论。在预约合同已约定违约责任的情况下,违约责任的承担方式应当依照合同规定;在没有明确违约责任承担的情况下,法官应当从主观层面和客观层面两个层次进行分析从而明确预约合同的效力进而判定违约责任的承担。