A Need-Based Measure of Consumer Well Being (CWB) in Relation to Personal Transportation: Nomological Validation

This paper reports the results of three studies designed to test the nomological validity of a consumer well-being (CWB) measure in relation to personal transportation. The CWB measure was developed guided by the theoretical notion that the CWB in relation to personal transportation vehicles is significantly enhanced when the consumption of the vehicle meets the full spectrum of human developmental needs (i.e., safety, economic, family, social, esteem, actualization, knowledge, and aesthetics needs). The nomological validity of the CWB measure was tested by exploring the various antecedents and consequences of the construct. This was done in three separate studies in which the results of one study prompted further conceptual development and additional testing. The overall findings of the three studies provided support for the nomological validity of the CWB measure.     

The Wealth of Nations and the Happiness of Nations: Why “Accounting” Matters

We review income-happiness research in light of competing theoretical frameworks, unit of analysis, and methodological issues. Within-countries, absolute income is weakly related to happiness, comparison effects depend on the measure utilized, and income change and perceived income produce inconsistent findings. Across countries, absolute income is a stronger predictor of happiness, different comparison effects are significant, income change results are predominantly positive, and the financial-life satisfaction relationship is more robust.     

我国老年人健康自评影响因素分析

健康自评是研究对象对自身健康的主观感受,是调查中经常运用的变量。健康自评能够反映健康状态的主观和客观两个方面,因此健康自评可以作为评价老年人健康状况的一个重要指标。采用2002年全国老年调查数据,做不同老年人群体的健康自评的差异性分析并进一步探究影响因素。旨在回答我国老年人健康自评的影响因素,对老年人自身和政策制定者提供参考依据。健康的生活方式对健康自评有积极的影响,身体的健康和健康自评有很强的相关性,老年人的社会人口学特征对健康自评影响十分有限。     

Combining Happines’s and Suffering in a Retrospective View of Anchor Periods in Life: A Differential Approach to Subjective Well-Being

The intersection of dimensions of subjective well-being (SWB) generates SWB types. We delineated SWB types by cross-tabulating happiness and suffering ratings that participants attributed to outstandingly meaningful periods in their life referred to as anchor periods. A sample of 499 older Israelis (age 58–94) was queried about two positive periods (the happiest, the most important) and two negative periods (the most miserable, the most difficult). A variety of variables discriminated between the more frequent congruous types of Happy (high happiness and low suffering) and Unhappy (low happiness and high suffering), but also presented the incongruous types of Inflated (high happiness and high suffering) and Deflated (low happiness and low suffering) as discriminable. Thus, women were more likely to be Inflated whereas men were more likely to be Deflated; low education related more to Happy in the happiest period and to Unhappy in the negative periods; present life satisfaction related more to Happy than to Unhappy in the positive, but not in the negative, periods; and Holocaust survivors were more likely to be Deflated and Unhappy in the negative, but not in the positive, periods. The study supported a differential perspective on SWB within people’s narratives of their lives. An erratum to this article is available at .     

The Subjective Well-Being of the Homeless, and Lessons for Happiness

The current study assessed the subjective well-being of a broad spectrum of homeless people. One-hundred-and-eighty-six homeless people from the streets of Calcutta (India), California, and a tent camp in Portland (Oregon) were interviewed, and responded to measures of subjective well-being. They answered questions about life satisfaction, satisfaction with various life domains, and their experience of positive and negative emotions. The mean rating of life satisfaction was slightly negative for both American samples but positive for the pavement dwellers in Calcutta. Satisfaction with self-related domains was positive, whereas satisfaction with material related domains was generally negative. Satisfaction with social domains appears to be the area of largest variation among the groups. We discuss the importance of social factors and basic material needs as they relate to overall subjective well-being of the homeless.     

近年台湾贫穷问题的扩大化及其原因

贫穷问题包括客观贫穷与主观贫穷两个层面.21世纪以来台湾不论是客观贫穷还是主观贫穷均呈现扩大化趋势.客观贫穷扩大化与台湾人口高龄化加速以及身心障碍者增多有关,更重要的是宏观经济状况恶化和收入差距扩大加剧.而台湾主观贫穷感受的增强则表明台湾民众消费期望和收入状况严重不符.造成这种不符的原因既有总体经济层面的原因,如房价过高、薪资停滞、贫富差距增大等,也有传统消费习惯的路径依赖和经济全球化带来的消费市场高端化的影响.     

股票市场投资与主观幸福感————基于个体投资者的调查问卷分析

基于个体投资者的调查问卷结果显示,约百分之四十六的投资者认为股票投资带来的快乐不同程度地超过痛苦。生活的总体幸福感、年龄、投资收益、投资规模是直接影响投资幸福感的重要因素。对生活总体幸福评价高的投资者从股市投资中能获得更多的幸福;年龄对投资幸福感的影响呈U形,中年人的投资幸福感低于老年人和青年人;投资者长期的总体投资收益对投资幸福感有显著的正向影响,而短期内的收益对投资幸福感没有影响;投资规模占家庭资产比重越大,投资幸福感越高;投资的绝对规模越大,投资幸福感越低。此外,认知偏差、投资目标、个性特征等因素可以通过影响投资收益或总体生活幸福感从而间接影响投资幸福感。     

主观推介与隐性评价——“不/没＋VP1＋等于＋没/没有＋VP2”构式探析

评价是一个表达范畴,与句法、语义和语用都密切相关。评价意义可以通过词汇手段显性表达,也可以通过句法手段隐性表达。由于隐性表达比较隐蔽,对其进行发掘和整理就显得尤为重要。本文属于隐性评价的个案研究,论述了＂不/没＋VP1＋等于＋没/没有＋VP2＂构式的句法和语义、构式的主观性和主观化、构式的语用功能,发现该构式表达一个蕴含假设关系的主观等值命题,主观性非常强。构式由动词＂等于＂连接前后两项,语义重心在前,其构式义是主观推介和隐性评价的复合。该构式具有焦点凸显、广告宣传、施为导向等语用功能。     

对实证主义若干误解的辨析

实证主义在发展过程中遭受了诸多的曲解和误读。运用马克思主义辩证法辨析实证主义,人们会发现：反驳实证主义是狭隘的经验主义、实证主义是唯心主义的不可知论、实证主义对形而上学的拒斥是错误的、实证主义的自然主义倾向是对人文价值的贬低。     

“那叫一个Ｘ”句式考察

"那叫一个X"是一种表强调的主观性句式:"那叫一个"在有程度区分的成分前,能强化其程度的非同寻常;光杆行为动词也能通过语境的激活进入该句式,强调这种动作行为的不一般;在强性或极性状态性的成分前则表达对这种状态的"极性"的单纯强调,若状态不是强性或极性的,则也有一定的强化作用。"那叫一个X"的主观化历程为:从表示客观判断的"那叫X"到有主观强调意味的"那叫X"再到主观性更强的"那叫一个X"。"那叫一个X"与"这叫一个X"呈现出使用上的不对称,这与它们作指示代词时的基本用法有关。