汉维语味觉词语及其文化意义

虽然汉维语味觉词语所传达的是不同民族的人们在长期生活中对味觉的感知,在翻译中不会有表达的困难,可以找到合适的方法相互对译,但由于味觉词语的意义丰富,引申性比较强,在不同语言中的引申意义和表达方式也不同,汉维语味觉词语所表达的意义及其意义之间的交叉关系呈现出复杂状态。文章拟对汉维语10个味觉词语进行对比,着重展示味觉词语在汉维语中所表现出的抽象的引申词义差别和词义文化差别。     

大学生情绪、社会支持与主观幸福感的相关研究——以延边大学大学生为例

通过对延边大学在校大学生实施问卷调查发现,朝鲜族大学生的主观支持和主观幸福感显著高于汉族大学生;负性情绪与主观支持、主观幸福感存在显著负相关,客观支持和主观支持与主观幸福感存在显著正相关;朝鲜族大学生的主观支持在负性情绪与主观幸福感之间起部分中介作用,汉族大学生的主观支持在负性情绪与主观幸福感之间起完全中介作用.这主要是因为在校的大部分朝鲜族大学生是延边本地人,而汉族大学生大部分是外地人,因此,对于大学生来说具备情绪调节能力是非常必要的,学校应该加强对他们的社会支持系统的教育,并且及时给予他们心理上的支持和鼓励.     

Do ‘child‐friendly’ countries contribute to child satisfaction? A comparative study of OECD countries

Child‐friendliness is a new concept in the research literature. Derived from the United Nations Convention on the Rights of the Child, it assesses different nations’ commitment to the aspects of children’s rights: both self‐determination and nurturance and care. Since the concept is still in its infancy, there is a need to study the associations between child‐friendliness and the subjective well‐being of children in a comparative perspective. Accordingly, the present study compares country rankings in the Child‐Friendliness Index (CFI) with country scores in the Global Domain Satisfaction Index (GDSI) in a sample of ten OECD countries. Results show that there is no association between the adapted GDSI score and the CFI. However, the self‐determination sub‐index and specifically participation in the personal domain are found correlated with GDSI domains. Moreover, countries can be grouped into different clusters: Nordic, Mediterranean, European, Asian. Key Practitioner Message: ? There was no apparent association between the adapted GDSI score and the Child‐Friendliness Index (CFI) rank; ? The CFI self‐determination sub‐index and participation in the personal domain specifically were found to be correlated with GDSI domains; ? Countries may be grouped into different clusters when looking at their GDSI score and CFI rank: Nordic, Mediterranean, European, Asian.     

Prior distribution elicitation for generalized linear and piecewise-linear models

An elicitation method is proposed for quantifying subjective opinion about the regression coefficients of a generalized linear model. Opinion between a continuous predictor variable and the dependent variable is modelled by a piecewise-linear function, giving a flexible model that can represent a wide variety of opinion. To quantify his or her opinions, the expert uses an interactive computer program, performing assessment tasks that involve drawing graphs and bar-charts to specify medians and other quantiles. Opinion about the regression coefficients is represented by a multivariate normal distribution whose parameters are determined from the assessments. It is practical to use the procedure with models containing a large number of parameters. This is illustrated through practical examples and the benefit from using prior knowledge is examined through cross-validation.     

Rank regression in order restricted randomised designs

This paper uses order restricted randomised design (ORRD) to create a judgment ranked blocking factor based on available subjective information in a small set of experimental units (EUs). The design then performs a carefully designed randomisation scheme with certain restriction to assign the treatment levels to EUs across these subjective judgment blocks. Such an assignment induces positive dependence among within-set units, and the restrictions on the randomisation translate this positive dependence into a variance reduction technique. We provide a unified theory to analyse the data sets collected from an ORRD. The analysis uses the general framework of rank regression methodology in linear models, with some modification to our randomisation scheme, to estimate regression parameter and to test general linear hypotheses. It is shown that the estimators and test statistics have limiting normal and chi-square distributions regardless the quality of ranking information. A simulation study shows that the asymptotic results remain valid even for relatively small sample sizes. The proposed tests are applied to a clinical trial data set.     

Uncertainty and sensitivity analysis in the presence of stochastic and subjective uncertainty

Uncertainty and sensitivity analyses for systems that involve both stochastic (i.e., aleatory) and subjective (i.e., epistemic) uncertainty are discussed. In such analyses, the dependent variable is usually a complementary cumulative distribution function (CCDF) that arises from stochastic uncertainty; uncertainty analysis involves the determination of a distribution of CCDFs that results from subjective uncertainty, and sensitivity analysis involves the determination of the effects of subjective uncertainty in individual variables on this distribution of CCDFs. Uncertainty analysis is presented as an integration problem involving probability spaces for stochastic and subjective uncertainty. Approximation procedures for the underlying integrals are described that provide an assessment of the effects of stochastic uncertainty, an assessment of the effects of subjective uncertainty, and a basis for performing sensitivity studies. Extensive use is made of Latin hypercube sampling, importance sampling and regression-based sensitivity analysis techniques. The underlying ideas, which are initially presented in an abstract form, are central to the design and performance of real analyses. To emphasize the connection between concept and computational practice, these ideas are illustrated with an analysis involving the MACCS reactor accident consequence model a, performance assessment for the Waste Isolation Pilot Plant, and a probabilistic risk assessment for a nuclear power station.     

居民收入主观感知状况及其影响因素测度研究——基于北京市居民微观调查数据分析

对北京市居民收入及其主观感知状况等系列问题进行微观调查,结果显示:北京市居民家庭年收入呈右偏分布,而居民收入主观感知状况呈左偏分布,近五成居民认为自己属于低收入或贫困收入群体。运用多项定序logistic回归模型对居民收入主观感知的影响因素进行测度,结果显示:人力资本因素能够提升居民的收入主观感知状况;劳动密集型行业居民的收入主观感知状况相对较低;收入、房产、私家车等因素是影响居民收入主观感知状况的重要客观因素;居民对宏观经济运行、收入差距问题的看法与其对收入主观感知状况之间存在联动效应。     

论当代社科杂志编辑主体精神的重建

“知识经济”和“全球化”的到来,使社科杂志无法正常地发挥角色作用,显得无所适从,趋向于边缘化。边缘化的直接结果便是编辑主体意识的迷失。重建编辑主体精神成了当前刻不容缓的任务。这种重建包括敏感心、责任感、理论素养和数字化技术意识及能力,同时,这也是社科杂志重返社会文化中心的基础和前提。     

《纯粹理性批判》中两版先验演绎之比较

《纯粹理性批判》第一版的先验演绎分为主观演绎和客观演绎,第二版则通过两个相关的证明来进行,即范畴的客观有效性证明和客观实在性证明。比较起来,第一版也包括两个不同的证明,此外,虽然康德在第二版中删除了主观演绎,但并没有删除主观演绎要解决的范畴和直观的结合问题,这说明主观演绎是服务于范畴的客观实在性证明的。因此,两版的先验演绎本质上并没有什么不同。     

论屈原思想的负面价值

屈原在政治上无所作为,除了客观原因,也和自身的消极因素有关,主要表现为:缺乏政治斗争的技巧和能力:强烈的自我意识不仅使他和党人尖锐地对立起来,也将自己的学生推向了对立面,使自己完全孤立起来;屈原在爱情的追求中,表面上是追求道德的完善,实际上反映了他不成熟的心态.屈子精神虽然在中华民族精神的建树中起到了不可估量的作用.但其本身的负面价值不容忽视.