Clinical Challenges Following An Adolescent’s Death By Suicide: Bereavement Issues Faced By Family,Friends, Schools,And Clinicians

Given the increasing prevalence of adolescent deaths by suicide, social workers are increasingly likely to be called upon to respond to traumatically bereaved families, peers, and possibly professional colleagues following an adolescents death by suicide. The authors discuss current trends in adolescent suicide. A stress diathesis model is applied to considering risk factors and their clinical implications following an adolescents death by suicide. Using a case scenario, the authors discuss clinical issues of complex bereavement following suicide, along with some suggestions for effective clinical follow-up with surviving families, peers, and professionals.     

网络反腐倡廉建设的工作创新与路径选择

网络监督在反腐倡廉工作中,发挥着越来越重要的作用,也为反腐倡廉制度建设提供了一个新的监督途径和平台。网络反腐倡廉建设的工作创新与路径就是要加强廉政教育,加强信息公开,畅通网上信访的渠道,加快网络法治建设,发挥民间反腐网站的作用,做好网络舆情监测和引导工作。     

绿色防控的实施、应用、推广与政策:一个文献综述

从绿色防控的概念辨析与社会影响、绿色防控的实施情况和应用效果、农户对绿色防控的采纳意愿或行为、绿色防控推广应用的影响因素以及绿色防控的政策与建议五方面对相关文献进行梳理,研究发现,国内外学者针对病虫害绿色防控的研究主要集中于两个方面:一方面,从宏观的角度来谈绿色防控的现状、工作进展、出现的问题、制约因素、解决对策以及发展趋势;另一方面,从微观的角度,具体到某个区域某类农作物来分析绿色防控的效果评估以及上述各方面的研究。总体而言,当前对于绿色防控的研究多数侧重于自然科学的视角,而基于社会学视角来研究绿色防控的文献较少,特别是从农户视角对绿色防控技术采纳意愿进行的研究与探讨较为缺乏。最后,总结往后可供探讨的研究视角:基于农户视角下绿色防控采纳行为研究;农户、政府管理部门、技术推广部门、专业协会组织等参与主体的协同创新绩效研究。     

"高智商"暴力犯罪的心理原因及其预防--"博士施暴"现象分析

本文对两则有关"博士施暴"的案例进行分析,主要考察了行为人自身的智力、气质、意识和性格几个心理因素以及学校教育和社会环境两个外界诱因,并从社会教育、道德培养和法律意识培养三个方面提出了关于预防"高智商"暴力犯罪的几点建议.     

生态文明视域下农村生活垃圾的防治——基于四川省巴中市平昌县的调研数据

基于对四川省平昌县农村生活垃圾污染现状的调研,分析农村生活垃圾对自然环境、农产品质量、居民身体健康的影响。调研结果显示,当前农村生活垃圾污染防治存在的问题主要是：农村居民环境保护意识差、农村环境保护法律法规制度不健全、环境执法监管部门监督缺失、农村环境卫生基础设施建设严重滞后等。为了有效防治农村生活垃圾污染,推进农村生态文明体系建设,需要充分发挥制度优势加强生态文明理念宣传教育,促使农村居民养成绿色消费的生活习惯,完善农村环境保护法律法规体系,发挥村委会对农村环境保护的监督作用,加快农村环境保护基础设施建设,大力发展生态农业经济等。     

Seroadaptive Strategies of Vancouver Gay and Bisexual Men in a Treatment as Prevention Environment

British Columbia’s treatment as prevention policy has provided free access to highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART) to all HIV-positive provincial residents since 1996. One outcome is an increase in HIV-positive gay and bisexual men (GBM) with suppressed viral loads. Previous cross-sectional analyses indicated that some Vancouver GBM now recognize condomless anal sex with men on HAART who report a suppressed viral load as a seroadaptive strategy. To test the hypothesis that this new strategy, termed viral load sorting (VLS), is recognized and used among by GBM in the Momentum Health Study, we analyzed longitudinal data for HIV-negative/unknown (n = 556) and HIV-positive (n = 218) serostatus participants. Analyses indicated that both groups reported VLS, and that serostatus and Treatment Optimism Scale scores were significant determinants in frequency and use. Results exemplify the medicalization of sex and Rogers’ Diffusion Of Preventative Innovations Model, and they have important implications for HIV research and GBM sexual decision-making.     

Children and Violence: Nurturing Social-Emotional Development to Promote Mental Health

The absence of violence against children is a fundamental children's right and a major milestone of civilized society. Similarly, reports on incidences of violence by children and youth, including severe cases with devastating consequences, speak to the need that the trauma of exposure to violence in childhood needs to be addressed. While violence and its risk factors are generally understood, what is less clear are the essential protective factors, how we can identify those as early as possible, and how we can use them to prevent and address the trauma of violence exposure in children and youth. In this report, I review pathways of child and youth violence through the lens of social-emotional development as a central protective factor. Negative emotions of frustration and anger can underlie violence and aggression. Kind emotions, such as caring and our ability to connect with others emotionally, can serve as social-emotional protective factors. A brief review of the central social-emotional processes and their development is provided, including the human capacity to feel with others and express empathy, be emotionally aware and care about the effects of one's own actions on others, and be able to regulate the self and their emotions. Given the negative widespread and long-term impact of exposure to violence, I describe research-informed attempts to prevent violence exposure across development. Taking a humanistic, strength-based perspective, the focus is on social-emotional protective factors to address violence and nurture mental health in every child. I conclude with recommendations for practice and policy.     

The Child Abuse Risk Evaluation Dutch Version (CARE-NL): A retrospective validation study

Abstract

The Child Abuse Risk Evaluation – Dutch version (CARE-NL) is a structured professional guideline for assessing the risk of all types of child abuse. The CARE-NL comprises 18 risk factors: eight Parental characteristics, three Parent-Child interaction factors, five Family factors, one Child vulnerability factor, and an extra factor for child sexual abuse risk. We examined interrater reliability and predictive accuracy of the instrument in a retrospective study at Advice and Reporting Centers on Child Abuse (ARCCA) in The Netherlands. The ARCCA files contained limited information on Parental risk factors, while parental characteristics, such as mental disorder and substance abuse, are the most important risk factors for (repeated) child abuse. On the other hand, the majority of the files included ample information on child and family characteristics. The CARE-NL could be reliably coded by trained raters and the predictive accuracy for out-of-home placement (AUC = .73) and placement of the child under court supervision (AUC = .78), at two years follow-up, was adequate. Use of the CARE-NL ensures that the assessment of the risk of child abuse focuses on the most important, empirically based risk factors in a structured and coherent way.     

Understanding the dynamic interinfluences of implementation processes: An illustration by multiple case studies

Many dropout prevention programs have been developed and validated in the past decades. Yet, little is known about the contextual factors influencing the implementation of these programs. Implementation processes, such as school principal leadership and governmental funding, have been identified for their influence on program implementation, but the mutual or dynamic influence of these processes is yet to be understood. This study examines the processes involved in the implementation of Check & Connect (C&C), a well-established targeted dropout prevention program validated in several countries that aims at promoting the development of a significant relationship between at-risk students and a mentor as a way to prevent school dropout.Semi-structured interviews were conducted with 12 mentors and coordinators directly involved in C&C implementation. Analyses were conducted in two subsequent steps: thematic analyses first helped identify implementation processes described by respondents, and then synthetic case studies allowed us to build the implementation stories of distinct sites. This last step was conducted using the Planned Change Framework.This framework helped us to understand the complex dynamics of implementation processes in each site, which were associated with previously identified program outcomes, beyond implementation fidelity. Implications for future implementations of evidence-based programs in the school setting are discussed.     

大数据驱动下的政府治理机制研究——基于2020年后精准扶贫领域的返贫阻断分析

大数据时代已经到来，大数据驱动下的政府治理发生何种改变，目前相关研究较少。当前政府治理的考验集中在2020年实现全面脱贫后精准扶贫领域的返贫阻断。文章以该领域为切入点，探索大数据驱动下政府治理的内在机制。研究发现：大数据背景下，政府治理能力催生出新的核心能力，即数据治理能力。数据治理能力驱动下，政府治理主体多元化有利于实现政府治理资源的宽范围、精准化动员；政府治理方式实现经验式决策向数据化决策转变，有利于实现政府资源的高效率和公平配置；政府治理客体的精准识别，有利于政府资源的精准化和最优化运用。但是客观上必须具备数据治理能力，主观上必须按照大数据驱动的要求重构政府治理体系（包括治理主体、治理方式和治理客体），才能真正实现以数据治理驱动政府治理，进而提高政府治理能力的目的。而数据治理能力客观上也加速了政府治理体系的重构，进而加快了政府治理能力的提升，并最终提高政府治理绩效。在对标大数据应用不同阶段分析常规式返贫阻断和大数据返贫阻断的不足和差距的基础上，笔者提出重构政府治理体系和提升数据治理能力等针对性建议。