Truth® ads,receptivity, and motivation to use or quit tobacco among college students

Abstract

Objective: Examine receptivity and motivation to use/quit tobacco among college students after viewing Truth ads. Participants: Random sample of 10,000 college students invited to complete online survey February 2016 (8.5% response rate). Methods: Quasi-experimental. Participants (N?=?854) watched four ads and answered survey items for each ad. Results: Students rated ad receptivity and decreased motivation to use tobacco higher for the Catmageddon ad than the others. Regardless of ad, men and current cigarette smokers reported lower receptivity. Younger age was associated with lower motivation to use tobacco for all ads. Tobacco users reported greater motivation to quit with the Catmageddon ad. Conclusions: College students were receptive to the Truth ads, and many indicated lower motivation to use tobacco. Men, older college students, and current cigarette smokers were less receptive to the ads, reinforcing the need to develop tailored campaigns to reach these subgroups.     

Knowledge of Suicide Risk Factors,But Not Suicide Ideation Severity,Is Greater Among College Students Who Viewed 13 Reasons Why

Abstract

Objective: To test associations between viewing 13 Reasons Why, Season 1 and past week suicide ideation severity, behavior risk, stigma, and knowledge in college students. To explore whether personal exposure to suicide and depressive symptom severity moderated these associations. Participants: Eight-hundred and eighteen college students, 64% (n?=?522) of whom watched 13 Reasons Why. Methods: Students completed surveys online. Multivariate negative binomial regressions were used to test associations between watching 13 Reasons Why and suicide-related variables, and interaction terms. Results: Suicide ideation severity and suicide behavior risk were not significantly associated with viewing 13 Reasons Why; however, there was limited statistical power to detect associations. The association between watching 13 Reasons Why and greater suicide knowledge was stronger among those who did not have personal exposure to suicide. Conclusions: 13 Reasons Why may be a platform for psychoeducation on suicide, particularly among those who do not have personal exposure.     

我国中小学校园欺凌问题研究及薄弱环节——基于CNKI文献关键词的共词分析

随着一系列恶性事件被媒体曝光，社会各界普遍关注和担忧校园欺凌问题，如何解决这一问题，已成为社会焦点。通过共词分析法对我国中小学校园欺凌问题研究现状进行考察发现，其研究主题主要包括六大类：校园欺凌行为特征研究、校园欺凌与学校管理的关系研究、校园欺凌与人际交往的关系研究、校园欺凌的成因与对策研究、校园欺凌的预防与治理研究、校园欺凌的社会问题研究，而研究的薄弱环节则主要包括品格教育研究、学生自我保护研究以及网络欺凌问题研究。因此，校园欺凌问题研究亟待进一步深化，研究视角也需进一步拓展。首先，除欺凌者、被欺凌者之外，旁观者也应纳入研究范畴，要将欺凌者和被欺凌者实施隔离，对受欺凌者要及时给予心理疏导，引导旁观者积极主动地帮助被欺凌者；其次，建议尽快出台相关的法律法规，为学校、教师及相关部门有效处理、解决校园欺凌问题提供法律支持及保障；最后，将综合预防与治理相结合，建立由学校、教师、学生组成的反欺凌共同体。     

Decisions,Science, and Values: Crafting Regulatory Alternatives Analysis

Emerging “prevention‐based” approaches to chemical regulation seek to minimize the use of toxic chemicals by mandating or directly incentivizing the adoption of viable safer alternative chemicals or processes. California and Maine are beginning to implement such programs, requiring manufacturers of consumer products containing certain chemicals of concern to identify and evaluate potential safer alternatives. In the European Union, the REACH program imposes similar obligations on manufacturers of certain substances of very high concern. Effective prevention‐based regulation requires regulatory alternatives analysis (RAA), a methodology for comparing and evaluating the regulated chemical or process and its alternatives across a range of relevant criteria. RAA has both public and private dimensions. To a significant degree, alternatives analysis is an aspect of product design; that is, the process by which private industry designs the goods it sells. Accordingly, an RAA method should reflect the attributes of well‐crafted product design tools used by businesses. But RAA adds health and environmental objectives to the mix of concerns taken into account by the product designer. Moreover, as part of a prevention‐based regulatory regime, it implicates important public values such as legitimacy, equity, public engagement, and accountability. Thus, an RAA should reflect both private standards and public values, and be evaluated against them. This article adopts that perspective, identifying an integrated set of design principles for RAA, and illustrating the application of those principles.     

从考古发现看先秦聚居地的水患防范

先秦时期,人口聚居之地常受水患侵扰。先民通过选择离水近便且较高的居住地、修造城墙与城壕、修建排水系统等措施,有效地防范水患的威胁,这为后世城市防范水患提供了有益的借鉴。     

Social,Relational and Network Determinants of Unprotected Anal Sex and HIV Testing Among Men Who Have Sex with Men in Beirut,Lebanon

Objectives: We examined the social, relational and network determinants of condom use and HIV testing among men who have sex with men (MSM) in Beirut. Methods: Two-hundred thirteen men were recruited via respondent driven sampling and administered a survey. Results: Sixty-four percent reported unprotected anal intercourse (UAI), including 23% who had UAI with unknown HIV status partners (UAIU); 62% of participants had tested for HIV. In multivariate analysis, being in a relationship was associated with UAI and HIV testing; lower condom self-efficacy was associated with UAIU and HIV testing; gay discrimination was associated with UAIU; MSM disclosure was associated with UAI, UAIU and HIV testing; and network centralization was associated with HIV testing. Conclusions: Multi-level social factors influence sexual health in MSM.     

论生物安全法的风险防控机制

在风险社会背景下，生物安全法的风险防控机制旨在平衡现代生物技术研发应用、生态环境开发利用与生态保护和公共卫生安全保障之间的内在张力，体现并遵循生物安全法的价值理念。风险防控机制由风险评估、风险管理和风险沟通三方面组成，其有效运行需以科学判断的风险评估为前提，适度运用“成本-效益”分析手段，实现风险管理的最优化路径选择，并突破单向度的路径依赖，以实现全面的风险沟通。     

校园贷刑事规制问题研究

互联网金融发展使得新型金融产品应运而生。校园贷具有数额小、效率高、门槛低等优势，吸引了有超前消费需求的在校大学生。由于平台监管缺失、大学生消费非理性等因素，校园贷滋生出了高利贷、骗贷、裸贷等乱象，部分行为还构成了违法犯罪。与其他网络贷款方式相比，校园贷具有借款对象单一性、贷款方式隐蔽性、抵押方式非具象性、催款手段违法性、受害学生犯罪转化性等特征，导致校园贷走入迷途。为了有效规范和严格治理校园贷，可以通过建立犯罪防控体系、促进联合监管、强化学生法治意识等路径，将校园贷引入良性发展轨道，最终实现良好的法律效果和社会效果。     

我国农地土壤污染防治立法探析

当前农地土壤污染已经成为最严重的环境问题之一,严重制约了农业现代化的进程。法律手段是解决农地土壤污染问题的核心,但我国现行农地土壤污染防治立法明显存在不足,严重制约了其功能的有效发挥。完善农地土壤污染防治立法,需要制定一部统一的农地土壤污染防治综合性法律,修改现行法律的相关内容;补充农地土壤污染防治方面的立法空白;强化农地土壤环境管理机构的强制性手段,协调相关的利益关系;严格法律责任;改革农地土壤环境执法体制,从而为做好农地土壤污染防治工作提供有力的法律保障。     

江苏省农村高血压防治知识知晓及治疗依从性分析

目的：分析江苏省农村地区高血压患者防治知识知晓和依从性情况及其影响因素,为探索农村高血压县乡村协作管理策略提供依据。方法：采用率等描述性分析防治知识知晓和治疗依从性,通过χ2检验和Logistic回归等推断性分析影响因素。结果：高血压防治知识知晓率为75.6%（苏南64.8%,苏中74.6%和苏北84.0%）,婚姻状况、文化程度和地区是影响因素;88.2%患者的服药依从性较好（苏南92.9%,苏中92.6%和苏北79.0%）,地区和防治知识知晓情况是影响因素。结论：不同地区需结合自身特点,组建县乡村高血压纵向协作团队,提高患者防治知识知晓和治疗依从性。