国内女生校园暴力问题研究述评

近年来,频频爆出的女生校园暴力视频让校园暴力再次成为关注热点,目前关于女生校园暴力的研究集中在概念界定、特点、成因和预防四个方面,在研究对象的细化,研究视角的扩大,研究内容的拓展等方面还有待进一步加强。     

可及性视角下医疗组织分布特征及其对疫情防控的影响研究

基于可及性理论,从医疗服务资源的可获得性和可达性两个角度量化各地级市疫情防控定点医疗组织机构的空间分布特征以及空间组合模式,并探讨其对疫情防控效果的影响。研究结果显示,在控制了城市基本特征、人员流动程度、基础医疗资源状况和省级固定效应之后,按人口聚集分布定点医院显著负向影响各城市累计确诊病例数,而按人口聚集分布发热门诊显著增加确诊病例数。相比于其他空间组合模式,定点医院按人口聚集分布,发热门诊按空间平均分布的组合方式对于疫情防控的效果最好。随着疫情严重程度的上升,按人口聚集分布定点医院对于疫情的抑制作用以及按人口聚集分布发热门诊对疫情防控的负面影响被进一步强化。     

团队防御型调节焦点对新产品创造力的双刃剑效应

基于调节焦点理论和团队过程视角,构建了团队防御型调节焦点、信息共享度通过团队活力和团队反思影响新产品创造力的被调节的双通道中介模型。实证研究表明:团队活力中介了防御型调节焦点和新产品创造力的负向间接关系;团队反思中介了防御型调节焦点和新产品创造力的正向间接关系;信息共享度削弱了团队防御型调节焦点对团队活力的负向影响;信息共享度削弱了团队活力在防御型调节焦点和新产品创造力之间的中介作用;团队信息共享度增强了团队防御型调节焦点对团队反思的正向影响;团队信息共享度增强了团队反思在防御型调节焦点和新产品创造力之间的中介作用。     

Reshaping Time: Recommendations for Suicide Prevention in LBGT Populations

ABSTRACT

This article serves as one of the supplementary pieces of this special issue on “Mapping Queer Bioethics,” in which we take a solipsistic turn to “map” the Journal of Homosexuality itself. Here, the author examines the journal’s 2011 consensus recommendations for the prevention of LGBT suicide. Invoking the axiom approach of Eve Kosovsky Sedgwick’s seminal Epistemology of the Closet, the author argues that merely offering practical guidelines at the level of the demonstrative and the instructive may not be sufficient models to address the urgency of suicide rates in LGBTQ youth populations.     

The zero-inflated Poisson model and the decayed, missing and filled teeth index in dental epidemiology

For frequency counts, the situation of extra zeros often arises in biomedical applications. This is demonstrated with count data from a dental epidemiological study in Belo Horizonte (the Belo Horizonte caries prevention study) which evaluated various programmes for reducing caries. Extra zeros, however, violate the variance–mean relationship of the Poisson error structure. This extra-Poisson variation can easily be explained by a special mixture model, the zero-inflated Poisson (ZIP) model. On the basis of the ZIP model, a graphical device is presented which not only summarizes the mixing distribution but also provides visual information about the overall mean. This device can be exploited to evaluate and compare various groups. Ways are discussed to include covariates and to develop an extension of the conventional Poisson regression. Finally, a method to evaluate intervention effects on the basis of the ZIP regression model is described and applied to the data of the Belo Horizonte caries prevention study.     

媒体建构：自杀社会意义的赋予——以中国1919–1928年社会运动中自杀事件报道为例

摘要：中国1919-1928年社会运动中的自杀事件发生后,报道运用媒体设计的方法与多种修辞手段,从故事叙事模式、话语结构与话语策略上,赋予自杀行动正面而又积极的社会意义,是为了提高公众对国家共同价值和民族危机的认同,以便动员民众、共同御侮。媒体对自杀社会意义的赋予,具有社会建构的特征。这种建构是当时社会赋予媒体的使命,体现了自杀行动者个人与社会的双向互动,双向建构的循环关系是当时中国社会结构和社会意识形态发生变化的结果。     

“边缘化”大学生个体成因、预防与矫治的研究

＂边缘化＂学生是指行为超出正常规范、学业严重不佳的学生个体。认为中学及大学阶段的管理、社会因素、理想与现实的错位以及个人性格心理特点等是形成＂边缘化＂学生个体的主要原因;管理者建立＂防边缘化＂预警机制、抓住管理的关键时期及努力营造良好学风是有效预防＂边缘化＂的措施;选择适当的角度和有效的工作方法可以对＂边缘化＂学生完成成功矫治。     

晚清底层社会老人自杀及其生存状态分析

中国传统社会讲求善终,希望有一个好的人生终点;老有所终,也是儒家所提倡的理想境界。然而,在晚清这样一个动荡的年代,部分底层社会的老人,选择了自杀。以中国第一历史档案馆所藏的刑部档案为主要史料,用历史学和社会学方法对晚清底层社会老人的自杀现象进行梳理,可以分析出自杀的原因及类型,并藉此呈现其生存状态。     

Issues in the development of a computer-based safety programme for children with severe learning difficulties

In the last decade, professional interest in and awareness of the sexual abuse of children has increased dramatically and has led to the development of safety programmes which aim to teach children a range of personal safety skills (Tutty, 1992). These efforts have previously concentrated on children in mainstream schools, but there is growing recognition of the need for parallel concern for children in vulnerable groups such as those with learning difficulties. The present paper outlines the development of a personal safety prevention programme for children with severe learning difficulties. The programme has incorporated work by Tutty (1992, 1994) and others who argue for a more developmental view in designing such programmes. Concepts such as the child's understanding about authority figures and moral development have been integrated into the programme, which utilizes multi-media technology. As this is a computer-based programme, the reason for such a medium rather than previously implemented presentation (e.g. books, film) are discussed. Views of the participants evaluating the implementation of the teaching package are also described. © 1998 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

Implementing the Power to Kids programme in home-based (foster) care: Identifying the SAFETY approach

Sexual abuse and dating violence are chronic problems for children and young people in out-of-home care. This study explored the impact of a prevention and response programme Power to Kids, which targets harmful sexual behaviour (HSB), child sexual exploitation (CSE) and dating violence (DV) for children and young people in home-based (foster) care. Twenty-eight case managers, 25 foster carers and 13 children and young people participated in a mixed methods study in Victoria, Australia informed by the research question: How does the Power to Kids programme impact the sexual health and safety of children and young people in home-based (foster) care? The data analysis revealed a SAFETY approach whereby the sexual health and safety knowledge of carers and case managers was enhanced, and carers were given permission to have Brave Conversations with children and young people, who could then apply the new knowledge to their lives. Case managers were upskilled in identifying indicators of sexual abuse and empowered to escalate stalled therapeutic and disruption practice when children and young people were identified as experiencing HSB, CSE or DV.