Comparison of Two Psycho-Educational Interventions Aimed at Preventing HIV and Promoting Sexual Health Among Portuguese Women

This study compares the efficacy of 2 psychoeducational interventions—ACCENT skills-based and didactic information only—to prevent HIV among Portuguese women. At posttest and follow-up, participants in both intervention groups (n = 127) were more knowledgeable about HIV than at baseline. Although both intervention groups showed an increase in self-reported condom use over time, differences were marginally stronger in the ACCENT group. Both intervention groups showed more positive results than the non-intervention control group (n = 33). The study suggests that HIV prevention interventions can produce significant changes when they target a set of knowledge, social, and cognitive variables relevant to sexual behavior change.     

The Impact of HIV Pre-exposure Prophylaxis (PrEP) Use on the Sexual Health of Men Who Have Sex with Men: A Qualitative Study in Seattle,WA

This study explores the impacts of HIV pre-exposure prophylaxis (PrEP) use on the sexual health of men who have sex with men (MSM). The authors conducted in-depth interviews with MSM who use PrEP (n = 14). Data was analyzed using interpretative phenomenological analysis. PrEP use reduced fear and shame associated with sex and facilitated greater sexual satisfaction and intimacy. Although participants generally viewed PrEP as empowering and beneficial, they also experienced PrEP-related stigma. The authors’ analysis emphasizes the importance of understanding the reasons MSM use PrEP and highlights opportunities for reducing harm and fostering sexual health among MSM who are using or considering PrEP.     

Kind discipline: Developing a conceptual model of a promising school discipline approach

This formative evaluation develops a novel conceptual model for a discipline approach fostering intrinsic motivation and positive relationships in schools. We used concept mapping to elicit and integrate perspectives on kind discipline from teachers, administrators, and other school staff. Three core themes describing kind discipline emerged from 11 identified clusters: (1) proactively developing a positive school climate, (2) responding to conflict with empathy, accountability, and skill, and (3) supporting staff skills in understanding and sharing expectations. We mapped the identified components of kind discipline onto a social ecological model and found that kind discipline encompasses all levels of that model including the individual, relational, environmental/structural, and even community levels. This contrasts with the dominant individual-behavioral discipline approaches that focus on fewer levels and may not lead to sustained student and staff motivation. The findings illustrate the importance of setting and communicating clear expectations and the need for them to be collaboratively developed. Products of the analysis and synthesis reported here are operationalized materials for teachers grounded in a “be kind” culture code for classrooms.     

Schools must include faculty and staff in sexual violence prevention efforts

Creating a normative campus environment intolerant to sexual violence is important for prevention. While prevention initiatives focusing on students are vital, faculty and staff have a central role in supporting and sustaining a comprehensive strategy for preventing campus sexual violence. Nationwide, colleges and universities recently implemented campus climate surveys. At Emory, we decided to survey faculty and staff as well as students, motivated by our use of an ecological framing of campus sexual violence. Faculty and staff are long-term members of the community, and can provide stability and continuity that reinforces prevention efforts prioritized for students. We recommend that schools use a trauma-informed approach to guide the involvement of faculty and staff in prevention. We encourage colleges and universities to consider the experiences and needs of their faculty and staff, as professionals who serve as leaders on campus and as those who guide students through their academic experiences.     

The intersection of nonsuicidal self-injury and suicide-related behavior: Patterns of elevated risk and implications for college mental health

Objective: To analyze the overlap of nonsuicidal self-injury (NSSI) and suicide-related behaviors (SRB) among college students with regard to demographics, mental health, and coping styles. Participants: Respondents were 572 undergraduate students at a southwestern public university. Methods: Data were collected in 2015. Respondents completed a demographic survey and assessments of NSSI, SRB, internalizing symptoms (ie, anxiety, stress, and depression), aggression, and negative coping strategies. The survey was administered via a Web-based procedure. Results: Women reported more frequent cutting behaviors than men. Endorsement of NSSI was also associated with an increased likelihood of lifetime SRB. A subgroup of students endorsing both NSSI and SRB demonstrated poorer mental health, more negative coping, and self-reported female sex. Conclusions: College healthcare providers may benefit from competency-based training in techniques for the combination treatment of NSSI and SRB, as well as culturally based models of suicide.     

证券业创新的风险及其防范思路——基于美国证券工具创新的教训

席卷全球的美国金融危机暴露出来的问题说明证券业创新蕴含着巨大的风险.证券业创新对金融发展与稳定具有正面与负面双重效应,美国金融危机凸显出证券业创新的负面效应.通过对美国金融危机中证券工具创新所扮演的角色分析,揭示出了美国金融危机的生成机理.进而,基于美国的教训并结合中国国情,从资本市场的开放、宏微观政策的协调、金融监管、实体经济、治理结构、流动性风险、预警和应急机制等方面提出了防范证券业创新风险的思路与对策.     

青少年犯罪预防对策再探讨

青少年犯罪是一个极其复杂的社会现象 ,必须加强法律素质教育 ,提高青少年整体和个体的法律素质 ;杜绝犯罪心理的产生 ,预防青少年犯罪 ;建立家庭、学校、社会三位一体的预防模式 ,抓住教育和管理两个环节不放松     

城市防灾绿地现状调查与分析——以黄山市为例

以黄山市中心城区为例,综合黄山市中心城区绿地现状以及灾害发生点,对城区内防灾绿地的选址进行合理安排,确定黄山学院南区、世纪广场等区域为灾害发生的避难点,并依据黄山市道路结构系统,提出了恰当的一级、二级避难通道。灾害发生点、避难通道、防灾绿地点三者有机结合,形成完善的避难系统。     

我国青少年犯罪原因及防范对策

随着国家社会治安综合治理力度的加强,青少年犯罪在全部刑事案件中所占的比例有所下降,但绝对数上升,并呈现低龄化、暴力化等一系列新特点,我们必须深入剖析影响青少年犯罪的主客观原因,通过学校、家庭、社会及青少年自身的努力,齐心协力,切实有效地加以预防和根治.     

社区矫正对象之选择初探

通过对中外社区矫正制度的对比,指出解决问题的基础在于确定社区矫正之对象选择方法;通过对社区矫正与其他刑罚方式的比较,指出确定社区矫正对象需要在犯罪人格视角下进行;通过对犯罪人格的剖析,最终提出了社区矫正对象选择的路径,即以犯罪人格的区分来选取社区矫正的对象。矫正当局应当通过一系列法律制度、人员配置、经费划拨、机构设立,来保障社区矫正对象的正确选取,以实现社区矫正的目标和任务,体现人本主义关怀,使得犯罪人能够得到适宜其改造的矫治方法。