从立法层面构建我国的风险投资法律环境

风险投资的健康发展需要良好的风险投资法律环境作为保障,而我国当前的风险投资法律环境存在立法层面的专门国家立法缺位、相关法的规范滞后以及已存制定法统一性差等诸多问题,有必要从立法角度予以系统性构建.     

基于主成分分析的我国银行体系稳定性测度研究

通过文献梳理比较,选择较为客观、科学的主成分分析法,并从盈利性、信贷风险、市场风险、流动性四个方面构建系统指标体系,实证测度我国2003年至2017年银行体系稳定性。研究发现,我国银行体系稳定性2003年以来呈倒"U"型态势,大致可分成两个阶段:一是2003年至2012年,随着系列金融改革的红利释放,各项指标逐步趋于好转,稳定性逐步上升,至2012年升至近年来最高水平;二是2013年至2017年,我国经济步入新常态,"三期叠加"矛盾凸显,金融体系稳定性有所下降,防范化解金融风险仍是当前金融工作的重点。     

中国粮食流通与粮食安全：关键节点的风险识别

粮食安全不仅取决于粮食生产的量和自给率,还取决于可获性,包括“买得起”和“买得到”。当前中国粮食总量安全,但粮食生产的区域结构性矛盾突出,粮食生产日渐向优势区域集中,主销区的粮食消费日益依赖于主产区的粮食调运,粮食运达的及时性对于粮食安全愈发重要。粮食调运必然面临长距离运输问题,这其中尤以在粮食运输网络中起枢纽作用的关键节点的平稳有序运行最为关键。当前实现粮食调运的运输方式主要依靠铁路、水路以及铁水联运,但是这一运输网络存在运力不足、物流方式落后、基础设施建设不足等风险因素,与粮食运输量的增长速度以及运输的顺畅性、及时性要求不相匹配,因此亟待通过加快铁路、水路基础设施建设、推动粮食物流方式变革和健全粮食物流应急响应机制等措施,保障粮食的稳定供给和粮食安全。     

后迟滞型风险沟通及其精准治理

随着“外部风险”被“人为风险”替代和主导,西方发达国家积极推动传统风险沟通向现代风险沟通转变。后发国家在全球化风险和本地化风险双重冲击下,呈现出迟滞型风险沟通。我国互联网新媒体浪涌式发展,催化了风险沟通主体与互联网新媒体手段产生“粘合”及“轮推作用”,迟滞型风险沟通由此向后迟滞型风险沟通嬗变。透过转基因食品风险辩论案例交互机制,发现后迟滞型风险沟通存在“局部性突破”和“局部性落差”双重不确定性效果。为此,可通过主动预防型理念、“共同体”结构、“多速整合”机制、“互联网+”手段、政府职能的“五位一体”再造,实现对后迟滞型风险沟通不良后果的精准治理。     

借贷能力、风险收益与新型农业经营主体经营效率

通过构建一个新型农业经营主体与金融组织讨价还价的理论模型,在纳什议价均衡的基础上分析新型经营主体最优产出水平与其借贷能力、风险收益的关系。基于中国12省的微观调查数据,采用双边随机边界检验,对理论模型进行了实证研究,结果表明：借贷能力不足是新型经营主体经营无效率的主导因素,最终使平均净效率下降了8.13%;正规金融机构和民间借贷均对新型经营主体的经营效率有显著影响,并且民间借贷对经营效率的影响更强;新型经营主体的负责人能力、盈利能力、组织化程度等,与其经营效率呈正相关关系。提出应通过金融体系创新、完善民间借贷法规等途径,降低新型农业经营主体的融资约束,提高其负责人的经营水平,加强新型经营主体的组织化程度。     

Simple Formulae for Evaluating the Potential Impact of Confounding Bias

Unmeasured confounding is a common problem in observational studies. This article presents simple formulae that can set the bounds of the confounding risk ratio under three standard populations of the exposed, unexposed, and total groups. The bounds are derived by considering the confounding risk ratio as a function of the prevalence of a covariate, and can be constructed using only information about either the exposure–confounder or the disease–confounder relationship. The formulae can be extended to the confounding odds ratio in case–control studies, and the confounding risk difference is discussed. The application of these formulae is demonstrated using an example in which estimation may suffer from bias due to population stratification. The formulae can help to provide a realistic picture of the potential impact of bias due to confounding.     

The Ruin Probability of a Discrete-Time Risk Model with a One-Sided Linear Claim Process

In this article, the ruin probability is examined in a discrete time risk model with a constant interest rate, in which the dependent claims are assumed to have a one-sided linear structure. An explicit asymptotic formula is obtained for the ruin probability. Generalized Lundberg inequalities for the ruin probability are derived by martingale and inductive approaches.     

Two-Stage Variables Acceptance Sampling Plans Using Process Loss Functions

In this article, a variable two-stage acceptance sampling plan is developed when the quality characteristic is evaluated through a process loss function. The plan parameters of the proposed plan are determined by using the two-point approach and tabulated according to various quality levels. Two cases are discussed when the process mean lies at the target value and when it does not, respectively. Extensive tables are provided for both cases and the results are explained with examples. The advantage of the proposed plan is compared with the existing variable single acceptance sampling plan using the process loss function.     

First- and Second-order Asymptotics for the Tail Distortion Risk Measure of Extreme Risks

The tail distortion risk measure at level p was first introduced in Zhu and Li (2012 Zhu, L., Li, H. (2012). Tail distortion risk and its asymptotic analysis. Insur. Math. Econ. 51(1):115–121.[Crossref], [Web of Science ®] , [Google Scholar]), where the parameter p ∈ (0, 1) indicates the confidence level. They established first-order asymptotics for this risk measure, as p↑1, for the Fréchet case. In this article, we extend their work by establishing both first-order and second-order asymptotics for the Fréchet, Weibull, and Gumbel cases. Numerical studies are also carried out to examine the accuracy of both asymptotics.     

Some remarks on the traditional way of circular and diagonal circular systematic sampling schemes

ABSTRACT

In this paper, some deficiencies in traditional selection procedure of circular version of systematic sampling schemes are investigated and alternative methods are proposed. We also suggest some rules of thumb for coincidence of units in the sample. The end corrections proposed by Bellhouse and Rao (1975 Bellhouse, D.R., Rao, J.N.K. (1975). Systematic sampling in the presence of a trend. Biometrika. 62:694–697.[Crossref], [Web of Science ®] , [Google Scholar]) and Sampath and Varalakshmi (2008) for circular systematic sampling and diagonal circular systematic sampling, respectively, are also modified.