美国早期融合教育师资在线培养经验及启示

“办好公平而有质量的教育”是我国当前教育发展的主题,融合教育作为沟通普通教育和特殊教育的桥梁,是新时期 基础教育扩优提质计划的重要组成部分,亦是确保学前教育普及普惠的应有之义,其发展的关键在于培养高质量的融合 教育师资。通过对美国西南地区某研究型公立大学开发的一套早期融合教育师资在线培养课程进行解读,进而探究我国 学前融合教育教师培养路径。首先,从教学形式、教育对象和课程目标三方面分析该在线培养课程与同类型的线下课程 之间的差异：其次,总结该早期融合教育师资在线培养课程的特点;最后,结合该早期融合教育师资在线培养课程建设案 例,从教育对象、教育过程、课程评价和社会影响四方面,就创新我国学前融合教育人才培养方式的问题形成相应启示与 建议。     

非工作时间连通行为对幼儿园教师工作压力的影响：工作-生活冲突的中介和编制身份的调节作用

为探讨非工作时间连通行为与幼儿园教师工作压力的关系及其内在机制,选取浙江省某3市的幼儿园教师244名,使用非工作时间连通行为量表、教师工作压力量表、工作-生活冲突量表进行调查。结果发现：非工作时间连通行为与幼儿园教师工作压力呈显著正相关;工作-生活冲突在非工作时间连通行为与幼儿园教师工作压力间起中介作用;编制身份能够调节非工作时间连通行为与工作压力的关系。基于此,幼儿园管理者应当为幼儿园教师划定工作-生活界限,赋予教师“离线权”;避免身份偏见,合理分配工作任务;明确幼儿园教师职业定位,回归教育本身。     

家庭托育点管理实践及启示：政策工具的视角

家庭托育点的规范化对婴幼儿健康成长至关重要。通过文献收集和访谈获得既往管理举措和当前试点政策,运用政策工具进行分析和总结,探究管理家庭托育点的背景、对象和措施。结果表明：家庭托育点因经济优势而被纳入管理,现有征求意见稿管理对象偏向小规模邻托,但试点和市场偏向较大收托规模;消防审查依托既有消防验收,师资准入要求偏低,质量监管依靠政府。管理建议：应根据收托规模区分小型和大型家庭托育点开展试点;完善三方协同的管理架构,设定专门空间环境要求,提高师资准入要求,建立综合质量监管。     

我国困境儿童政策优化与精准服务策略:文化敏感与需要满足

儿童具有天然的脆弱性和依存性,因而需要对其进行关爱保护和福利保障。近十年来,我国针对社会转型过程中大量出现的失依、残疾、重病、流浪、贫困、受虐、监护缺失等类型困境儿童出台了一系列生活保障和关爱保护的政策,试图构建适度普惠型儿童福利制度以促进儿童的福祉和发展。但受制于专业人才配置不足、专业理论指引不强以及基层工作人员行政思维惯性固化等因素,导致困境儿童政策与服务层面均存在文化敏感性不足的问题,表现于注重对象资格识别而对对象内部需求差异关注不足;注重儿童工作网络建设而对福利传递效能关注不足;注重货币化救助帮扶而对专业服务提供关注不足;注重活动化短期服务而对全生命周期服务关注不足。因此,在探索困境儿童政策优化和精准服务创新过程中,很有必要在文化敏感和需要理论指引下,应采取服务理念更新、福利制度优化、专业人才配置、多元主体整合、整体性服务供给等策略,以促进中国特色的儿童福利体系。     

Preschoolers' Attachment to Mother and Risk for Adjustment Problems in Kindergarten: Can Teachers Make a Difference?

Based on attachment theory, two aims were addressed. Firstly, we tested whether close teacher–child relationships may buffer children who are less securely attached to their mothers against negative outcomes, such as aggressive behavior. Secondly, our study evaluated whether teacher sensitivity may protect less securely attached children against forming less close relationships with their teachers. In a sample of 127 children, mother–child attachment was observed in preschool. In kindergarten, teacher sensitivity was observed, and teacher–child closeness and child aggressive behavior were rated by the teacher. Results of multilevel hierarchical regression analyses first showed that with high teacher–child closeness, less securely attached children are no longer at risk for more aggressive behavior. Secondly, it was found that with high teacher sensitivity, less securely attached children are no longer at risk for developing less close relationships with their teachers.     

简论语料库与教师角色之转变

现代电子语料库已有了近50年的发展,但语料库应用于课堂教学才刚刚起步。通过近年语料库辅助课堂教学诸多实践研究,教师们不仅可以获得教学中的例句,还可引导学生们学习更地道、更准确的表达方式。     

Child custody issues and co‐occurrence of intimate partner violence and child maltreatment: controversies and points of agreement amongst practitioners

The situation of families undergoing separation in a context of co‐occurrence of intimate partner violence (IPV) and child maltreatment raises certain issues related to child custody. The results presented in this paper were collected and analysed within the framework of a qualitative study aiming to identify the principal points of agreement and the main controversies amongst practitioners in several different types of organizations. Focus groups were held with a total of 43 practitioners from six different settings concerned with child custody in cases of co‐occurrence of IPV and child maltreatment. Although they agreed on the importance of ensuring the safety of victims of violence, their views diverged on three points: (1) the importance of preserving the father–child relationship; (2) collaboration between voluntary organizations and semi‐voluntary or legal agencies; and (3) consideration of cultural differences.     

'I made some mistakes . . . but I love them dearly' the views of parents of children in informal kinship care

In-depth semi-structured interviews with 30 parents of children living with relatives in informal kinship care arrangements revealed the parents' views of the reasons for the informal kinship care arrangements, quality of their relationships with the children and their caregivers, their current and future roles in their children's lives, feelings experienced when with and away from the children, positive and negative aspects of kinship care, future goals and dreams for their children, and their assessments of their own strengths and challenges. Results of these interviews suggest several implications for social work practice and research.     

Palliative care patients' experiences of healthcare treatment

Kennett C, Payne M. Palliative care patients' experiences of healthcare treatment Int J Soc Welfare 2010: 19: 262–271 © 2009 The Author(s), Journal compilation © 2009 Blackwell Publishing Ltd and the International Journal of Social Welfare. This article reports on a thematic analysis of the opinions of 34 palliative care patients about medical and healthcare treatment expressed in comments, narratives and discussions during a series of facilitated group discussions undertaken as part of training events for medical students. Palliative care patients often have long healthcare careers, which enables them to compare different professionals and services, thus offering a more powerful and complex analysis of patient experience than that obtainable from analysis of complaints or satisfaction surveys, and permits some understanding to be obtained of the attitudes that condition evaluations of services. The patients balanced negative views with positive experiences. They appreciated open, listening, equal and friendly relationships with professionals in which careful explanation fostered their confidence in the overall service. They criticised inflexible services that did not consider their broad needs, and in which relationships with professionals were characterised by busy‐ness and professional distance.     

以人为本的社会属性与实现途径

中国共产党创立的科学发展观,强调核心是以人为本,其中的“人”是全体人、多需人、多代人。社会主义制度从根本上铲除了人的劳动成果异化为奴役人的工具的社会基础,人民群众成为社会的真正主人,中国共产党除了人民群众根本利益以外,没有任何特殊利益,这就为人的自由全面发展开辟出广阔的实现途径。