The utilization of prevailing evaluation policy in the selection of performance measures

This study considers the problem of inferring a functional evaluation criterion from existing performance measure policies. The objective is to develop a rational basis by which to adaptively evaluate a current best set of performance measures from alternative sets. The analysis is based on a matrix approach for relating system characteristics to performance measures across a set of activities. A procedure for ranking measure combinations which are candidate implementation alternatives is devised using this matrix representation and cost information. An example illustrating the procedure is presented.     

Behavioral evaluation of a state program of deinstitutionalization of the developmentally disabled

The purpose of this study was to evaluate one phase of a statewide program of deinstitutionalizing developmentally disabled individuals. Forty adults who had spent a minimum of six months in community placements were evaluated with respect to changes in behavior associated with movement out of state institutions and into community settings such as group homes and day activity centers. Pre- and post-deinstitutionalization measures were taken with the Behavior Development Survey. Post-deinstitutionalization measures on Cataldo and Risley's Resident Activity Manifest were compared to the same measures obtained on 159 developmentally disabled individuals scheduled for deinstitutionalization. A consistent pattern of positive changes on both instruments favored deinstitutionalization, but changes could not be unequivocally attributed to movement out of the institutions per se.     

Pragmatic decisions in the evaluation of consumer satisfaction with mental health treatment

This article examines pragmatic choices which must be made in conducting consumer satisfaction assessment of mental health treatment. It is argued that choices involving sample, format, and procedure for examining satisfaction may influence the results of such research, and must be considered when creating or evaluating these efforts. These choices are examined in detail.     

Evaluating employee assistance programs. A review of methods, outcomes, and future directions

Renewed interest in assisting troubled employees has led to an upsurge in the development of employee assistance programs, coupled with demands for demonstrable effectiveness. This review examines the nature and scope of these programs, their administrative and methodological context, and the types and outcomes of evaluation studies conducted thus far. Proposals for improving future investigations through a number of different approaches and strategies are then made.     

间接存在论:中国信息哲学对信息的独创解读

回顾信息概念的研究和探索历程,信息最著名的概念经历了从最初的熵和负熵的理论,到之后的差异说、形式说和状态说,从类反映说到意义和符号,再到计算信息和量子信息的学说,等等。虽然在这些理论中可以不同程度地看到客观信息的影子,但是只有中国信息哲学中的“间接存在”概念将客观信息世界予以了最清晰的揭示。早在40多年前,中国信息哲学就指出:“信息是标志间接存在的哲学范畴,它是物质(直接存在)存在方式和状态的自身显示。”后来,中国信息哲学又根据自己提出的信息形态分类理论,把“认识和实践主体对信息的主观把握和创造”也明确地纳入到关于信息本质的扩展性规定之中。近年来,中国信息哲学的最新发展,把存在、非存在,演化和时间,物质、信息和意识等纳入了信息哲学研究的统一框架,进而增加了对信息本质探讨的“物质世界与非存在世界的指向者”的新维度。由于在存在论层面揭示了信息的本质,中国信息哲学提出的间接存在论学说对人类哲学作出了全方位的独创贡献。     

关于高校建筑设计课程教学的反思

全球化时代的来临和建筑行业的发展给我国建筑教育提出了新的要求,就新形势下高校建筑设计课程教学进行了一些思考,强调培养学生设计思维能力的重要性并针对如何提高设计思维能力进行了论述。     

于显在主题之外找寻异质——《创业史》再解读

《创业史》的显在主题明确而唯一。然而文本中的异质成分却构成潜在的主题,在一定程度上解构了显在的主题:对个体劳动的礼赞,冲击了以公有制强行取代私有制的国家意志;对合理诉求的再现,表现了“异己者”要求平等自由、言行一致的有效追问;对女性命运的书写,凸显了社会主义新人梁生宝的人格缺失。在文本显在主题所依附的政治意义遭遇颠覆的今天,正是这些异质成分使文本具有了超越时代的价值。     

语域与翻译

英语在其运用过程中,要求在分清语域的前提下使用得体的语言。得体语言的掌握和运用需要具有选择语域的能力,领悟不同语域差异的认知能力,以及处理好不同语域中恰当对应词的翻译能力。     

数字素养与农户收入差距:加剧还是缓解?——基于中西部地区的微观证据

数字经济时代,数字贫困问题对农户收入差距的影响引发新的关注。基于2021年中国农村经济与农村金融数据,采用再中心化响应函数(RIF)回归方法探究数字素养对农户收入差距的影响。研究发现:(1)数字素养显著扩大了农户收入差距,并具备明显的马太效应,高数字素养能够攫取更多数字红利,而低数字素养更容易陷入“数字贫困”状态,无法发挥出数字经济的增收效应。(2)应用数字素养会显著加剧农户收入差距,而通用数字素养对农户收入差距的影响并不显著。这种情况也得以印证,现阶段数字“接入鸿沟”已经得以解决,数字“应用鸿沟”差距逐渐凸显。(3)数字素养能够缩小农户财产性收入差距,但会显著扩大工资性收入差距与非农经营性收入差距。脱贫地区受到数字素养的马太效应更强,农户收入差距明显加剧。研究结论证实了我国农村内部存在明显的数字鸿沟,同时数字贫困问题加剧了农户收入差距。新发展阶段我国数字乡村战略的推进不仅要注重农村低收入群体以及弱势群体数字素养的培育,更要加快构建农村数字经济的包容性发展路径,助力农民农村共同富裕的实现。