The Contribution of Emotion Perceptions and Their Overgeneralizations to Trait Impressions

This study tested the hypothesis derived from ecological theory that adaptive social perceptions of emotion expressions fuel trait impressions. Moreover, it was predicted that these impressions would be overgeneralized and perceived in faces that were not intentionally posing expressions but nevertheless varied in emotional demeanor. To test these predictions, perceivers viewed 32 untrained targets posing happy, surprised, angry, sad, and fearful expressions and formed impressions of their dominance and affiliation. When targets posed happiness and surprise they were perceived as high in dominance and affiliation whereas when they posed anger they were perceived as high in dominance and low in affiliation. When targets posed sadness and fear they were perceived as low in dominance. As predicted, many of these impressions were overgeneralized and attributed to targets who were not posing expressions. The observed effects were generally independent of the impact of other facial cues (i.e., attractiveness and babyishness).     

实施跨国购并及其效应

跨国购并是外国直接投资的主要方式。通过对我国现行经济体制、经济政策及社会观念的分析 ,找出跨国购并未能得到充分发展的原因 ,提出跨国购并在我国实现的可能性和积极效应 ,以及我国政府、企业应该采取的措施和应当注意的问题     

诗歌教学改革与实践

本文就为 14届中文系毕业班学生所开设的选修课“中国意象诗探索” ,作了一次小结。它从教育理念、教学改革与实践、教学效果三个方面展开。其中有成功的经验 ,也有值得反思的教训。以期在今后的教学中进一步改进和完善     

高校“两课”教学效果评价机制的研究

建立高校“两课”教育教学效果评价调控机制对于提高“两课”教学质量、增强教学活力和促进教学改革意义重大。目前高校“两课”教学质量评估体系中存在缺乏科学性、系统性和目的性等问题。要建立科学的“两课”教育教学效果评价调控机制,其指标体系必须坚持整体性、导向性、客观性、实效性和可行性统一的原则。     

Screening for prostate cancer by using random-effects models

Summary. Random-effects models are used to screen male participants in a long-term longitudinal study for prostate cancer. By using posterior probabilities, each male can be classified into one of four diagnostic states for prostate disease: normal, benign prostatic hyperplasia, local cancer and metastatic cancer. Repeated measurements of prostate-specific antigen, collected when there was no clinical evidence of prostate disease, are used in the classification process. An individual's screening data are considered one repeated measurement at a time as his data are collected longitudinally over time. Posterior probabilities are calculated on the basis of data from other individuals with confirmed diagnoses of each of the four diagnostic states.     

中医治疗面神经炎疗效分析

在西医病辨和中医辨证基础上,运用针灸和中药相结合,治疗面神经炎20例,取得良好疗效。     

Multivariate distributions with generalized inverse gaussian marginals,and associated poisson mixtures

Several types of multivariate extensions of the inverse Gaussian (IG) distribution and the reciprocal inverse Gaussian (RIG) distribution are proposed. Some of these types are obtained as random-additive-effect models by means of well-known convolution properties of the IG and RIG distributions, and they have one-dimensional IG or RIG marginals. They are used to define a flexible class of multivariate Poisson mixtures.     

Adjustments for reporting delays and the prediction of occurred but not reported events

We consider delays that occur in the reporting of events such as cases of a reportable disease or insurance claims. Estimation of the number of events that have occurred but not yet been reported (OBNR events) is then important. Current methods of doing this do not allow random temporal fluctuations in reporting delays, and consequently, confidence or prediction limits on OBNR events tend to be too narrow. We develop an approach that uses recent reporting data and incorporates random effects, thus leading to more reasonable and robust predictions     

Book Reviews

Books reviewed:
Bosq, D. Nonparametric Statistics for Stochastic Processes: Estimation and Prediction
Khuri, A.I., Mathew, T. & Sinha, B.K. Statistical Tests for Mixed Linear Models
Latouche, G. & Ramaswami, V. Introduction to Matrix Analytic Methods in Stochastic Modeling
Maitra, A.P. & Sudderth, W.D. Discrete Gambling and Stochastic Games
Rolski, T., Schmidli, H., Schmidt, V. & Teugels, J. Stochastic Processes for Insurance and Finance
Chung, K.L. & Williams, R.J. Introduction to Stochastic Integration     

Risk Management for Leontief-Based Interdependent Systems

When stricken by a terrorist attack, a war, or a natural disaster, an economic unit or a critical infrastructure may suffer significant loss of productivity. More importantly, due to interdependency or interconnectedness, this initial loss may propagate into other systems and eventually lead to much greater derivative loss. This belongs to what is known as a cascading effect. It is demonstrated in this article that the cascading effect and the derivative loss can be significantly reduced by effective risk management. This is accomplished by deliberately distributing the initial inoperability to other systems so that the total loss (or inoperability) is minimized. The optimal distribution strategy is found by a linear programming technique. The same risk management can also be applied to situations where objectives need to be prioritized. A case study featuring 12 economic sectors illustrates the theory. The result suggests that using the same amount of resources, minimizing risk (inoperability) of infrastructures will generally give rise to highest payoff, whereas overlooking it may result in greatest total loss. The framework developed in this work uses a steady-state approach that applies primarily to managing situations where the attack is catastrophic resulting in very long recovery time.