帮助毁灭、伪造证据罪若干问题探微

帮助毁灭、伪造证据罪系现行刑法增设的新罪名。刑法学界就该罪名中“帮助毁灭证据、伪造证据”等基本概念存在较多歧义。本文就有关帮助毁灭、伪造证据罪概念、客观方面、主体以及适用上的若干较存争议的问题进行了较为深入的探讨。     

Help me Obi-Wan: the influence of facial dominance on perceptions of helpfulness

We all occasionally need the help of others whom we do not know well. In four studies, we studied the influence of the facial appearance of both the potential helper and the help seeker on such a decision. In three studies (1a-1c), across different help domains, participants rated a person with submissive facial appearance as more likely to help. This was mediated via the perception of the submissive person as caring and helpful. The notion that submissive individuals will be perceived as more likely to help when a dominant person asks was only supported in the context of financial help. The preference for a submissive potential helper was also found when participant had to choose a helper for themselves (Study 2). (120 words)     

‘Like walking on eggshells’: service user views and expectations of the child protection system

This paper reports on a study of service users' views on Irish child protection services. Qualitative interviews were conducted with 67 service users, including young people between 13 and 23. The findings showed that despite refocusing and public service management reforms, service users still experience involvement with the services as intimidating and stressful and while they acknowledged opportunities to participate in the child protection process, they found the experience to be very difficult. Their definition of ‘needs’ was somewhat at odds with that suggested in official documentation, and they viewed the execution of a child protection plan more as a coercive requirement to comply with ‘tasks’ set by workers than a conjoint effort to enhance their children's welfare. As in previous studies, the data showed how the development of good relationships between workers and service users could compensate for the harsher aspects of involvement with child protection. In addition, this study demonstrated a high level of discernment on the part of service users, highlighting their expectation of quality standards in respect of courtesy, respect, accountability, transparency and practitioner expertise.     

陕南秦巴山区贫困（弱智）人口脱贫致富之途径探索

指出了陕南秦巴山区扶贫工作中面临的难点问题 ,并有针对性地提出了提高人口素质、转变思想观念、改革教育制度、改善生态环境、引进先进技术与人才、合理使用资金、兴办基础产业、发展乡镇企业等脱贫致富的对策。     

Do Babyfaced Adults Receive More Help? The (Cross-Cultural) Case of the Lost Resume

The hypothesis that babyish-looking adult faces would elicit help was tested in a field experiment using the lost letter technique. Digitized images of African-American and European-American adult male and female faces were made to look babyish (neotenous) by substituting enlarged eyes and lips for normal ones. Eyes and lips were reduced in size to make faces look mature. As expected, neotenous features made adults appear submissive, weak, naive, feminine, compassionate, and honest, but not more or less attractive, relative to mature features. Neotenous or mature faces were printed on (fictional) resumes, attached to stamped, addressed envelopes, and lost in the US (n = 408) and Kenya (n = 176). Helping was indexed by whether resumes were posted (returned) or not. Most results supported predictions; across nations, resumes depicting neotenous, white and black female faces and neotenous, white male faces were returned more often than were resumes displaying the mature versions of these faces. Returns for neotenous and mature black male faces, however, were not significantly different. Overall, support was found for the hypothesis that neotenous, submissive-looking facial characteristics cue social approach and elicit help while mature, dominant-looking facial traits cue avoidance.     

What you really want: Two-year-olds prioritise ultimate goals when helping

Toddlers are motivated to help others achieve their goals, but providing effective help also requires toddlers to consider what will be most helpful to another individual. Sometimes, helping requests provide conflicting information about an individual's goals, so we need to decide which information to prioritise in order to decide how is best to help. The current studies investigate how toddlers prioritise conflicting information about immediate and ultimate goals when helping. In Study 1, 2-year-olds were shown an opaque container of blocks (hidden blocks), a transparent container of blocks (visible blocks), and a colourful tube that plays music when a block is dropped inside. For half of the participants, both hidden and visible blocks played music but, for the other half, only the hidden blocks worked. A naïve experimenter asked for a block (immediate goal) to play music with (ultimate goal), and when both blocks were equally functional, we found that toddlers prioritised fulfilling the immediate request by providing a visible block; but when only the hidden block was functional, toddlers prioritising fulfilling the ultimate goal and helped by providing the functional but hidden block. Study 2 demonstrated that toddlers considered the experimenter's goal when helping, and not just their own attraction to the musical toy. This work adds to a growing body of literature investigating not only whether young children help, but also how young children reason when engaging in helping behaviour.     

如何安放孤独的灵魂?--2015~2016北京市失独群体内部需求差异调查分析

失独群体是中国一个特殊的群体,在经历了丧子之痛后即将步入暮年的他们,面临着重重困境。目前对于失独群体的相关政策不统一、政策定位“瞄不准”,对失独者的扶助存在“一刀切”的问题。未考虑到这一群体需求的差异性和层次性,既不能很好地满足受助者的实际需求,又造成了巨大的资源浪费。文章在实地调研和问卷调查的基础上,详尽阐述了失独者在经济、精神、养老等方面需求的差异性,提出了建立“供需对口”的瞄准机制的政策建议。为研究失独群体需求提供了新的视角。      

中国农村医疗保障路在何方

在中国农村合作医疗日趋衰退 ,自费医疗再次在我国农村占主导地位的情况下 ,针对农村的实际情况及其医疗状况呈现的矛盾特殊性 ,提出整改乡村医疗机构 ,高效利用有限的农村医疗福利资源 ,平抑药价 ,以此解决农民的预防保健及小病、小伤问题 ;开展社会医疗互助 ,增强农民共同抵御大病风险的能力 ;鼓励商业医疗保险在农村的发展 ,满足农民多层次的医疗需求 ,共建农村医疗保障体系     

扶贫自愿性移民的迁移决策及主体选择性研究

扶贫异地安置是我国扶贫攻坚的重大举措,扶贫自愿性移民的群体特征分析是扶贫异地安置实践和理论中一个重要的课题.本文通过对北海市三个扶贫异地安置点的个案研究,在探讨扶贫自愿性移民迁移动机的基础上,对移民主体性选择进行了分析,说明了潜在移民成为现实扶贫移民的具体原因.     

Sharing good fortune: Effects of scarcity on small donation requests

Based on studies linking positive outcomes to subsequent helping, it was hypothesized that when individuals receive their choice of items when supply is constrained they will show heightened prosocial behavior. Participants either received a choice of candy when it was plentiful, a choice of candy under scarce conditions, or no option to choose between candies under scarce conditions. All were subsequently invited to keep previously acquired school supplies or to donate them back. As hypothesized, when participants received their choice of candy their donation rate was higher in the scarce, versus the non-scarce, condition. Those not receiving choice due to scarcity behaved similarly to those who received choice under the condition of plenty. Discussion focuses on applications to encourage helpfulness.