少数民族贫困山区县域助孤活动研究

中华民族素有慈幼恤孤的人道主义精神和传统美德。除了政府层面的政策性扶持外,还需要社会力量组织开展各种助孤活动。要从做好孤儿摸底工作和对外组织资源、组织好对接工作、搭建助孤体系、强化反馈跟踪和动态调适等方面开展少数民族贫困山区县域助孤活动。     

人格变量的性别差异述评

有关性别差异的假设在许多研究报告中都有所呈现.尽管这是一个备受争议的领域,但在过去的几十年里,研究者们还是已经探察了许多人格变量的性别差异.如今,使用元分析技术,心理学家们对于性别差异有了一定的认识.已有的相关研究表明:男性和女性在助人行为、移情、攻击、从众等方面都没有显著的差异,以往研究从效度来说是存在问题的.     

陆九渊程文二题 --析"取予两得"、"宽猛相济"两说

"取予两得"、"宽猛相济"是历代君王治理财用、统治人民的两项政策.陆九渊青年时代为准备科举考试写作的两篇程文,其一从夸赞唐代名臣刘晏善理财用、真知取予入手,道尽取予之理的辩证关系,表达了作者取予两得的理财思想;其二从剖析"宽猛相济"之弊入手,阐述了具有法治意义的尚德不尚刑、德刑并举的政治思想.两篇程文,显示出青年陆九渊经世致用的政治思想和以道德仁义的"本心"为特征的哲学思想,对于当今仍具有一定意义.     

快播案一审判决的刑法教义学分析——与几位方家的商榷

快播公司因其旗下快播播放器的组件——中心调度服务器和缓存服务器的特殊功能而被认为是网络内容提供商,进而被认为构成传播淫秽物品牟利罪。这一结论存在逻辑上的问题。中心调度服务器只是被用户操控的软件和工具,缓存服务器是帮助信息传输的"中转站"而不是存储信息的"货仓",所以快播公司实际上是网络平台提供商。其行为符合中立的帮助行为的特征,亦符合技术中立原则的法理。快播公司没有参与淫秽视频的传播,不存在间接故意,没有实施作为犯罪;同时快播公司不具有保证人地位,不负刑法上的作为义务。对于具体用户传播淫秽视频的行为不"明知",亦不可按不作为的实行犯处理,理应无罪论处。快播案透露出中国通过强力管控网络服务商来保障网络信息安全的策略,审判机关的先入罪再定罪思维有损司法的正义性,值得深思。     

Emerging adults’ judgments about helping at home: Situational and experiential sources of variability

Judgments and decisions about household helping affect how families function, and they develop through everyday experiences. Much prior research has examined stable individual differences in prosocial orientations, but such orientations also vary within individuals. The present work examined situational and experiential sources of variability in emerging adults’ judgments and reasoning about helping at home. The research assessed judgments and reasoning about household helping in events that were either hypothetical (Studies 1 and 2) or took place in participants’ own homes (Study 2). Participants’ judgments about helping incorporated moral, personal, and social-conventional considerations and differentiated helping in one's own home from helping in another home. Participants’ past experiences with household helping predicted their judgments about helping. Findings supported the view that emerging adults’ judgments about household helping are informed by both situational considerations and personal experiences.     

Mothers’ communicative cues and the development of infants’ helping: Linking participation and problem solving in the first year of life

There is an ongoing debate on the role of socialization in the development of infants’ helping. Although opportunities for the socialization of early helping are rare in problem solving (bystander intervention), there are many opportunities for socialization in participation (working alongside others), and infants’ experiences of participation could socialize problem solving indirectly. The present study links participation and problem solving conceptually by drawing on a Hebbian concept of indirect learning and through a study examining mothers’ communicative cues in both forms of helping. Forty mother-infant dyads engaged in two semi-structured helping tasks, a participation task and a problem-solving task at five, eight, and ten months of age. Mothers’ communicative cues and infants’ return of the object were examined using coding schemes adapted from prior research. Mothers used similar communicative cues (reaches, give-me gestures, and verbal requests) in both tasks, and more maternal scaffolding contributed to greater object handover. Infants showed higher object handover in participation tasks. The findings, framed in Tomasello's neo-Vygotskian account of prosocial development, offer a synthesis of the debate on the role of socialization where prosocial behavior emerges first between people, and then becomes individualized.     

三峡地区的扶贫与环境保护

贫困与环境之间存在着循环关系,三峡工程的兴建给三峡地区的扶贫与环境保护增添了新的变数,要使三峡地区从贫困与环境恶化的怪圈走向扶贫与环境保护的良性互动,必须采取扶贫与环境保护相结合的对策。     

扶贫工作面临的挑战及对策——以广东为例

贫富不均是制约中国经济发展的瓶颈,扶贫研究与扶贫工作因此成为学术界关注的焦点之一。广东省在贯彻落实国家关于扶贫工作的方针政策的同时,根据其自身特点,探索了一条加大基础设施投入、注重产业扶贫、完善社会保障、加强贫困人口的教育的好路子,因此改善了贫困地区的生产生活条件和发展环境,促进了山区贫困地区经济社会发展,增加了贫困人口的经济收入;广东的做法取得了较好的成效,值得我们借鉴。     

发展西部旅游业有利于扶贫帮困

较大的东西差别、城乡差别已经严重影响我国全面小康社会的建设,要建全面的小康社会,在西部地区扶贫帮困是关 键。而让农民参与旅游经营有利于西部农村的扶贫帮困。旅游扶贫应处理好五对关系,即鼓励经营与加强管理的关系、加大 金融支持力度与规模经营的关系、经济成分多元化与经营集团化的关系、发展旅游业与加大科技投入的关系、发展旅游业与 发展农业的关系。