Triadic Interaction among Newly Acquainted 2-year-olds

Are children as young as 2 years old able to interact in groups of three? The study applied the family triad model first introduced by Parke, Power, and Gottman (1979 ) to the case of peer interaction. In Experiment 1 , the model was refined for use in studies of peer interaction and applied to an existing dataset of 16 triads of newly acquainted 24‐month‐olds. In Experiment 2 , the triadic coding system was further refined and applied to 12 single‐sex triads of newly acquainted 2‐year‐olds. The findings demonstrated that 2‐year‐olds are capable of triadic interaction although the predominant interaction pattern in triads is still dyadic. Contrary to past reports, triadic interaction was more likely to occur when the children were not in conflict. Both girls and boys were capable of triadic interaction.     

0-3岁婴幼儿亲子阅读中亲子互动策略优化的行动研究

基于 0-3 岁婴幼儿亲子阅读互动现状调查发现的家长互动经验缺乏、形式单一等问题,开展“计划—行动—观察—反思—再计划”三轮亲子阅读互动循环提升的行动研究。实践表明,创设情境多元互动、拓展经验促成互动、审美体验美化互动是提升阅读互动质量的有效策略;家长对婴幼儿身心发展特点和教育规律的认知、对美的鉴赏与表达能力是影响互动策略实施的重要因素;专家的精心指导和及时评价、家庭间的作品展示和体会交流是营造阅读互动氛围提升互动效果的良好举措。建议家长自主学习、积极实践、主动交流来推进有效互动策略的实施。     

家庭托育点管理实践及启示：政策工具的视角

家庭托育点的规范化对婴幼儿健康成长至关重要。通过文献收集和访谈获得既往管理举措和当前试点政策,运用政策工具进行分析和总结,探究管理家庭托育点的背景、对象和措施。结果表明：家庭托育点因经济优势而被纳入管理,现有征求意见稿管理对象偏向小规模邻托,但试点和市场偏向较大收托规模;消防审查依托既有消防验收,师资准入要求偏低,质量监管依靠政府。管理建议：应根据收托规模区分小型和大型家庭托育点开展试点;完善三方协同的管理架构,设定专门空间环境要求,提高师资准入要求,建立综合质量监管。     

Understanding the Self Through Siblings: Self‐awareness Mediates the Sibling Effect on Social Understanding

This study addresses the role of sibling influence on social understanding in the second year of life, in a sample of families living in New Zealand who identify as Pacific Island (N = 43). We tested toddlers at 20 and 26 months on social understanding tasks, as well as their levels of self‐awareness on the Stipek self‐concept questionnaire. We hypothesized that the presence of siblings provides a rich resource from which to learn about the mind. There were significant differences in children's social understanding and self‐awareness as a function of having older siblings. Further analyses revealed that the relation between older siblings and social understanding was mediated by toddlers' level of self‐awareness.     

Decision-Making Criteria in Child Custody Disputes That Involve Requests for Overnight Visits with Infants and Toddlers: Derived from a Review of the Literature

ABSTRACT

The court, child custody evaluators, and mediators are often faced with difficult decisions regarding how to best meet the needs of children from families who are involved in child custody disputes. In some cases, the court, child custody evaluators and mediators are asked to make decisions about parenting plans for infants and toddlers. When decision makers are faced with actual cases, they are likely to be assisted by lines of inquiry that help them gather the most relevant data to answer the question at hand. A review of the literature has led to the development of 13 criteria that decision makers can use to reach conclusions about whether overnight visits would be advisable with a given infant or toddler. The criteria are considered neutral and are not based on any bias or preconceived opinion about whether overnights with infants and toddlers are or are not advisable. Instead, the criteria proposed provide the decision-maker with an objective way of structuring their thinking about a particular case to insure that all pertinent information has been considered before reaching a conclusion about whether overnight visitation is in the best interest of a given child.     

Toddler Peers: From Nonverbal Coordinated Action to Verbal Discourse

Twenty-four toddlers (24 months of age) interacted with an adult play partner who experimentally created two different nonverbal interactive contexts surrounding her speech to the toddlers. One, a nonverbal imitation game, mimicked that hypothesized to facilitate toddlers' discourse with one another. The second mimicked another frequent form of toddler peer interaction, parallel play. After establishing the nonverbal context, the adult verbally described her own or the child's nonverbal action. Being engaged in nonverbal imitation games facilitated toddlers (1) responding verbally to the adult's speech in a topically well-connected way and (2) maintaining topically-connected responses over successive turns. Using nonverbal imitative acts, toddlers appear to nonverbally negotiate a topic for their interactions that facilitates their skill in verbal discourse.     

Approach‐related emotion,toddlers' persistence,and negative reactions to failure

Approach behavior, defined as differences in behavior to an incentive event and anger at its removal, was assessed during contingency learning in 87 5‐month olds was related to maternal ratings of mastery behaviors at 2 years. Mothers reported on infants' concurrent temperament, as well as the occurrence of anger and tantrums, and their own anger at 12 months. Approach behavior was expected to predict persistence with objects and persistent motor behavior, but not negative reactions to failure. Negative reactions to failure were expected to be mediated by a distress‐prone temperament. The moderating effect of maternal anger on these relations was also explored using conditional process regression models. Controlling for soothability, early approach behavior predicted toddlers' persistence, especially gross motor persistence, moderated by maternal anger. With more maternal anger, approach behavior and toddler's persistence were more strongly related. Distress to limits, infant anger at 12 months, and maternal anger were significantly correlated, but only infant anger was related to negative reactions to failure. Prior to 6 months, goal‐directed behavior is related to later behavioral persistence, but maternal responses to child anger are an important contributor to this relation and by 12 months, infant anger directly predicts mastery frustration at 2 years.     

婴幼儿托育机构教师指导家长的现状分析

摘 要：本研究采用观察法和访谈法对7所婴幼儿托育机构的39名托育教师指导家长的现状进行调查,结果表明：托育教师有较高的指导家长意识,但指导过程缺乏反思;面对面个别指导是最主要且最有效的指导家长方式,集体指导更便捷,但指导效果较差,存在“形式化”现象,过程缺乏连续性;指导内容以培养婴幼儿生活习惯与生活能力方面为主,婴幼儿游戏方面的指导还有待提高;托育教师指导家长现状主要受其专业能力水平、职前培养与职后培训情况、托育机构制定的教研活动和评价体系所影响。     

婴幼儿照护服务机构质量评估与改进：纽约州的探索与改革动向

照护服务机构的质量直接影响0-3岁婴幼儿当前及随后的身心健康发展。对3岁以下婴幼儿照护服务机构的质量评估是纽约州学前教育质量评级与促进系统的重要组成部分。历经十几年的试验与探索,纽约州3岁以下婴幼儿照护服务机构质量评估已成体系,依托政府的财政投入,组建高素质的专业评估队伍,旨在通过评估和一系列的专业支持促进机构照护质量的不断提升。从质量评估标准,专业发展和技术援助,数据、监测和问责,财政支持,交流和扩大影响等方面为3岁以下婴幼儿照护服务机构提供有针对性的监管和指引措施。纽约州在质量评估方式、评估指标体系、质量改进方案和帮扶薄弱照护服务机构等方面积累了丰富的实践经验,为促进我国3岁以下婴幼儿照护服务机构质量督导评估提供了有益启示。