Improved nonparametric tolerance intervals based on interpolated and extrapolated order statistics

The standard approach to construct nonparametric tolerance intervals is to use the appropriate order statistics, provided a minimum sample size requirement is met. However, it is well-known that this traditional approach is conservative with respect to the nominal level. One way to improve the coverage probabilities is to use interpolation. However, the extension to the case of two-sided tolerance intervals, as well as for the case when the minimum sample size requirement is not met, have not been studied. In this paper, an approach using linear interpolation is proposed for improving coverage probabilities for the two-sided setting. In the case when the minimum sample size requirement is not met, coverage probabilities are shown to improve by using linear extrapolation. A discussion about the effect on coverage probabilities and expected lengths when transforming the data is also presented. The applicability of this approach is demonstrated using three real data sets.     

Prediction intervals - a review

This review covers some known results on prediction intervals for univariate distributions. Results for parametric continuous and discrete distributions as well as those based on distribution-free methods are included. Prediction intervals based on Bayesian and sequential methods are not covered. Methods of construction of prediction intervals and other related problems are discussed.     

Probabilistic tolerance design for a subsystem under burr distribution using taguchi's loss functions

Taguchi (1986) has derived tolerances for subcomponents, subsystems, parts and materials in which the relationship between a higher-level (Y) and a lower-level (X) quality characteristic is assumed to be deterministic and linear, namely, Y=_α+βX, without an error term. Tsai (1990) developed a probabilistic tolerance design for a subsystem in which a bivariate normal distribution between the above two quality characteristics as well as Taguchi's quadratic loss function were considered together to develop a closed form solution of the tolerance design for a subsystem. The Burr family is very rich for fitting sample data, and has positive domain. A bivariate Burr distribution can describe a nonlinear relationship between two quality characteristics, hence, it is adopted instead of a bivariate normal distribution and the simple solutions of three probabilistic tolerance desings for a subsystem are obtained for three cases of “nominal-is-best”, “smaller-is-berrer”, and “larger-is-beter” quality characteristics, by using Taguchi’ los functions, respectively.     

新兴民主政体的转型正义难题

转型正义是指刚经历民主转型的政体如何处理转型前威权或独裁政府的不正义行为.转型正义在理论上的正当性显而易见,在实践过程中的局限性亦相当明显.对新兴民主政体来说,能否在全社会培育出一种宽容精神,将转型正义限制在理性对待历史、以建设性的态度和民主的方式来求得制度正义的层面,将深刻地影响其民主化进程.     

坚忍 期盼 反抗——由中唐悯农诗歌看当时农民的心理状态

唐安史之乱前,文人写作的悯农诗歌尚属寥寥。安史之乱后的整个中唐时代,悯农诗数量突然大增,这些诗歌不仅仔细描摹了中唐农民生活的状态,而且对中唐农民的心理状态也作了清晰的刻画。基于对中唐悯农诗文本的分析,揭示出中唐农民从坚忍到期盼直至反抗的整个心理流程,以弥补正史之不足,并展现出中唐下层人民沉重的心灵世界。     

江淮分水岭区域文化特质初探

江淮分水岭区域是位于长江和淮河之间广大丘陵和山冈地带,方圆2万平方公里,人口1000多万。江淮分水岭区域属于中国南北气候、地理、经济的过渡地带,也是连接长江文化圈和黄河文化圈之间的文化过渡地带。人们在这个相对巨大的面积和相对独立的自然地理环境里形成了相对独特的思考问题的习惯、经济活动方式和生活方式,产生了独特的江淮分水岭文化。江淮分水岭文化特质可以概括为灵活包容、务实革新、奋斗理性。     

致和之“道”：老子宽容思想析论

宽容是由于认识到自我与他者的共同属性而平等地对待他人,是对他者的尊重。老子的宽容思想以形而上的“道”为其立论的基础,以自然无为的他者理念为其形而上的依据,以道德宽容和政治宽容为主线,以实现人的身心和谐、人际和谐和国际和平为旨归,为构建和谐社会与和谐世界提供了有益的启示。     

The role of social desirability bias and racial/ethnic composition on the relation between education and attitude toward immigration restrictionism

Social scientists note individuals tend to respond favorably to sensitive topics in surveys, but few consider factors triggering these responses. This study uses unique data to examine respondents’ racial/ethnic attitude under direct and indirect modes of elicitation. In particular, the list experiment provides a cloak of anonymity to a random subsample of individuals that allows them to respond truthfully about their racial/ethnic attitudes. By comparing responses between administration modes, this study evaluates whether social desirability pressures mediate, and racial/ethnic composition moderate, the relation between education and racial/ethnic attitudes. Findings indicate an initial positive relation between education and racial/ethnic attitudes, but desirability bias mainly drives this relation. Furthermore, there is some support racial/ethnic composition moderates the influence of social desirability on education.     

由孔子精神看儒家文化的现代价值

以孔子精神为代表的儒家文化,十分重视人际和谐、心灵和谐与天人关系的和谐,这对于解决当代中国所面临的诸多问题,具有积极的启示意义和现实价值。