The role and relevance of domain knowledge, perceptions of planning importance, and risk tolerance in predicting savings intentions

The need for individuals to increase retirement savings has been widely promoted, yet our understanding of the motivations of individuals to save at a higher rate remains sparse. This paper reports the findings of a survey of 2300 retirement savings fund members and their motivations to contribute more to savings and to actively manage their investment strategy. Utilising the theory of planned behavior, the study reveals respondent’s self-reported attitudes, subjective norms and perceptions of behavioral control account for a high proportion of the variance in behavioral intention. Contrary to expectations, the study finds that respondent’s risk tolerance adds little to the prediction of behavioral intention. By contrast, perceptions of planning importance and self-assessed planning preparedness (domain knowledge) are found to exert powerful indirect influences on behavioral intentions via the perceived behavioral control construct. This novel finding confirms the relevance of planning constructs and financial literacy to an understanding of retirement savings behavior, and establishes a need to improve levels of financial literacy in society.     

魔幻的记忆与现实的遗忘:《寻梦环游记》之仪式､抉择与隐喻

动画片《寻梦环游记》以墨西哥本土传统节日亡灵节为创作语境,契合了近两年部分好莱坞现象级动画片所凸显的美国主流价值与身份政治的认同轨迹,通过描绘米格尔在亡灵国度的奇幻之旅,体察全球文化产品对于现实记忆与文化包容的关注,继而对墨西哥本土文化进行内化思考。该影片不仅体现了在文化全球化语境下,墨西哥族裔对本国传统民族文化的守护与珍存,对本土文化核心价值的传承与坚守,还针对墨西哥与美国之间的外交移民话题展开现实追问。     

Shortest tolerance intervals controlling both tails of the exponential distribution based on record values

This paper deals with computing shortest width tolerance intervals controlling both tails of the exponential distribution on the basis of record values. Equal-tailed and shortest tolerance factors are derived. The expected widths of these tolerance intervals are evaluated via a Monte Carlo simulation study. Finally, two illustrative examples are also included.     

刑法谦抑性之价值蕴含

刑法谦抑性主要经由日本刑法学理论导入中国,产生于刑法客观主义与主观主义的争斗过程中,旨在维护个人自由同时防止刑法异化成为恣意侵害人权的工具,其理论渊源根植于欧陆启蒙主义的刑法思想理念.刑法谦抑性理念作为刑法的价值观,蕴含着刑法的宽容性、有限性和经济性3个层面的基本要素.     

宽容释义

流行的"宽容"概念,总体上属于自由主义的宽容,既广泛又模糊,需要进一步精确化。自由主义宽容是有边界的宽容,如果模糊了这种边界,就成为"过度宽容",会造成对社会的危害。道德宽容维护人的尊严和权利,尤其维护异己者作为人的尊严和权利,它具有普世价值,是一切领域宽容的道德基础。宽容包括全域宽容和局域宽容,全域宽容是没有边界的宽容,局域宽容是存在边界的宽容。具体领域的宽容是全域宽容和局域宽容的统一,是宽容的普遍性和特殊性的统一。     

对话与宽容：辩证法的重大理论精神

“对话”与“宽容”是辩证法一个重大的理论精神 ,但以往对辩证法的理解中 ,这一点没有得到应有的重视。从理论本源上看 ,“对话”与“宽容”乃是辩证法的始源性含义 ;从学理上看 ,“对话”和“宽容”乃是辩证法区别于独断和专制的知性形而上学的重大特征 ;从马克思哲学所实现的哲学变革看 ,由于植根于对人现实生命存在的自觉理解 ,“对话”和“宽容”乃是马克思辩证法理论的题中应有之义。因此 ,对辩证法“对话”和“宽容”维度的自觉阐发 ,是捍卫辩证法理论合法性、深化辩证法理论内涵的重大课题。     

歧义容忍度在外语教学中的运用

学生在遇到歧义现象时,若能灵活变通,则学习效果较为明显,表现为高歧义容忍度;学生外语学习中遇到似是而非、模糊不清的语言现象时,若产生焦躁心理,则会导致学习效率低下,表现为低歧义容忍度。借助这一理论,提出了它在外语教学中的运用问题。     

The Relationship among Negative Affect,Distress Tolerance,and Length of Gambling Abstinence Attempt

The present study tested the theory that negative affect and one’s ability to tolerate distress is associated with failure to quit gambling during an abstinence attempt. Specifically, 16 current pathological gamblers who had at least one sustained period of gambling abstinence lasting a minimum of 3 months (i.e., delayed relapsers) and 16 current pathological gamblers who had never remained abstinent for a period longer than 2 weeks (i.e., immediate relapsers), were assessed for baseline levels of negative affect and stress reactivity, as well as faced with a psychological (mental arithmetic) and physical (breath holding) stressor. Compared to the delayed relapsers, the immediate relapsers displayed higher levels of negative affect and stress reactivity. Immediate relapsers also were less likely to persist on the psychological stressor, suggesting that one’s ability to tolerate the initial discomfort of an abstinence attempt may play an important role in gambling treatment outcome. The current project was completed in partial completion of the degree of Master of Arts in Psychology by the first author under the direction of the second author.     

Resource allocation for restoration of compromised systems

Computer systems are constantly under the threats of being attacked and in many cases these attacks succeed. Today’s networked systems are thus built to be intrusion tolerant. In a large scale, the progresses of compromising the networked system and recovering the damage will carry on in parallel, allowing services to be continued (at a degraded level). One of the key problems in the restoration procedure regards to the resource allocation strategies and the cost associated with, specifically, a minimal cost is desired. In this paper we model the cost as a sum of service loss and resource expense that incur during the restoration procedure. We investigate the achievable minimal total cost and corresponding resource allocation strategy for different situations. The situations include both constant rates and time-variant rates in terms of the speed of compromising and recovering. We also consider the fact that the restoration rate is constrained by the resource allocated. The relationship can be either linear or obeying the law of diminishing marginal utility. We present both analytical and numerical results in the paper. The results show the impact from various system parameters on the critical conditions for a successful system restoration and on the minimal cost. Dr. Ray is currently with Google Inc., 604 Arizona Avenue, Santa Monica, CA 90401, USA. His e-mail contact is sibu@google.com, siburay@gmail.com     

论宪政与宽容-- 以自由主义为视角

宪政作为一种"人为"的制度始终应是"为人"的,应是以"人"本身的权利和自由为依归的,宪政是自由主义文库中的基本范畴。在自由与宪政之间,宽容具有不可或缺的功能性价值,宽容是宪政产生与存续的前提,宪政是宽容的机制和宽容的准则,宪政与宽容有着紧密的联系。