从旅游客主交互行为模式看西藏旅游和谐发展

本文在归纳总结国内外学者对客主交互行为研究成果的基础上,提出了旅游者(客)与东道主(主)之间交互行为的一般模式及其对客主交互效应的影响。同时,分析了现阶段西藏旅游业发展现状,并针对西藏在旅游资源品位极高、旅游业正值蓬勃大发展之际,旅游环境急需保护的问题,提出建立良性的客主交互关系的重要性及紧迫性。最后,从客主交互理论角度,对西藏旅游如何长期和谐地发展提出了对策与建议。     

审美意识与道德意识向艺术生成

在文学艺术创作中,人们往往要求创作者必须贯彻自由的审美意识与道德意识。审美道德意识生成在创作中具有特殊性,不是从外面强加给作者的,而应是创作者内在的生命自由意识向艺术的体验性生成。审美意识的体验性生成,是生命的"敞开状态",道德意识则使创作者处于生命的约束与责任担当状态。所以,从生命本身出发,就可以看到:审美与道德之关系,不是矛盾对立的关系,而是生命内在力量的互相激活的关系。只要寻求生命自由意义上的审美与道德的和谐统一,艺术就能展示出感动人心的伟大力量。     

网络评论与网络舆情的联系及互动

网络评论与网络舆情有着紧密的内在联系,二者都属于网民就中介性事项发表的主观性信息,反映了网民的立场、观点和态度,网络评论是网络舆情表达的主要方式和渠道,是分析研究网络舆情的主要样本。网络评论在数量上的增长推动着网络舆情的发展,与此同时,网络舆情发展到一定阶段后对网络评论的理性发展倾向有着较强的促进作用。二者相互促进。     

新媒体时代地市级党报媒介互动的探索与突围——以《岳阳日报》为例

如何顺应新媒体时代下媒介发展的规律,在媒介融合的新趋势下进行媒介互动的积极探索和突围,已成为摆在地市级党报面前的一项重大课题。作为地市级党报,应顺应潮流,通过开拓新媒体领域,延伸受众范围;结合新媒体优势,实现信息发布的时效性和权威性的统一;实现“报网互动”,使读者本身成为新闻来源;抓牢传统报业具备的“思想性”优势,形成地市级党报的“核心竞争力”与“品牌效应”等途径,促进媒介互动,从而提升主流媒体的影响力,营造实现“中国梦”的良好舆论氛围。     

讲解法与高校有效课堂的实现

课堂的有效性是以教学活动对学生潜在能力的发掘以及未来发展的积极影响依据的,传统讲解法同样能够实现这一目标。高校教师在使用讲解法时,教学内容要有一定的广度和深度,要善于揭示现象后背后的本质和本人的学术观点。高校教学水平取决于教师的学术素养,教学方式的选择应该立足于学科特点和学生的接受水平。     

The BDNF gene val66met polymorphism and behavioral inhibition in early childhood

Stably elevated behavioral inhibition (BI) is an established risk factor for internalizing disorders. This stability may be related to genetic factors, including a valine‐to‐methionine substitution on codon 66 (val66met ) of the brain‐derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) gene. Past work on the BDNF met variant has inconsistently linked it to vulnerability to internalizing problems; some of this inconsistency may stem from the failure to consider gene‐trait interactions in shaping the course of early BI. Toward elucidating early pathways to anxiety vulnerability, we examined gene‐by‐trait interactions in predicting the course of BI over time in 476 children, assessed for BI using standardized laboratory methods. We found that children with the met allele showed lower stability of BI between ages 3 and 6 than those without this allele. While the mechanisms that underlie this effect are unclear, our findings are consistent with the notion that the met variant, in the context of early BI, influences the stability of this trait in early development.     

Investigation of age–treatment interaction in the SPACE trial using different statistical approaches

Selection of treatments to fit the specific needs for a certain patient is one major challenge in modern medicine. Personalized treatments rely on established patient–treatment interactions. In recent years, various statistical methods for the identification and estimation of interactions between relevant covariates and treatment were proposed. In this article, different available methods for detection and estimation of a covariate–treatment interaction for a time-to-event outcome, namely the standard Cox regression model assuming a linear interaction, the fractional polynomials approach for interaction, the modified outcome approach, the local partial-likelihood approach, and STEPP (Subpopulation Treatment Effect Pattern Plots) were applied to data from the SPACE trial, a randomized clinical trial comparing stent-protected angioplasty (CAS) to carotid endarterectomy (CEA) in patients with symptomatic stenosis, with the aim to analyse the interaction between age and treatment. Time from primary intervention to the first relevant event (any stroke or death) was considered as outcome parameter. The analyses suggest a qualitative interaction between patient age and treatment indicating a lower risk after treatment with CAS compared to CEA for younger patients, while for elderly patients a lower risk after CEA was observed. Differences in the statistical methods regarding the observed results, applicability, and interpretation are discussed.     

Building relationships on social networking sites from a social work approach

ABSTRACT

Our current age of connectedness has facilitated a boom in interactive dynamics within social networking sites. It is, therefore, possible for the field of Social Work to draw on these advantages in order to connect with the unconnected by strengthening online mutual support networks among users.

The aim of this article is to examine whether ‘connectedness’ in social networking sites improves online social capital and resilience of social service users.

Through our analysis of social networks carried out on an experimental model, we observed the patterns of connectedness on Facebook of 50 social service end-users from Málaga, Spain. The detection of online communities through the modularity algorithm has allowed us to ascertain whether individuals’ offline realities mirror their online realities. At the same time, we examined the influence certain interactions (likes, comments, etc.) have on leadership through online ethnography. Finally, online social capital, understood as the combination of connectedness and online interaction, has been correlated with users’ resilience. The results reveal that both connectedness and interaction feed themselves and have correlations with resilience.     

Eyetracking measures of social attention in young children: How gaze patterns translate to real‐life social behaviors

The aim of this study was to evaluate to what degree eyetracking paradigms of social attention, in combination with synchronous measurements of affective arousal, were associated with real‐life social behavior of children aged 3–7 years. Several eyetracking paradigms were used, involving social interactions, single/multiple faces, and emotional faces. Arousal was measured using electrocardiography. Real‐life social behavior was measured using structured behavior observations, parent questionnaires, and developmental interviews. Time spent looking at social stimuli was significantly associated with real‐life social behaviors, and independent of age, IQ, or gender. Paradigms involving social interactions and looking time to the eyes showed the most consistent relations with social behaviors. Stronger affective arousal responses were associated with shorter looking times toward eyes, which in turn were associated with less social awareness in real life. Eyetracking and arousal measures allow for sensitive and objective assessment of social abilities that have great relevance for real‐life social behaviors, with the potential to use in a broad and diverse population. These measures may help gain insight into the underpinnings of social behavior and may serve as a valuable marker or outcome measure in understanding, monitoring, and stimulating social‐emotional development early in life.