面向工业应用的可穿戴计算技术

工业应用是可穿戴计算技术研究的一个热点问题。该文总结了可穿戴计算技术在各种典型的工业领域中的研究现状,对影响可穿戴计算技术在工业领域推广应用的关键问题,包括可穿戴性和可用性、可穿戴人机交互以及软件体系结构和支撑模式等进行了探讨和分析,最后介绍了面向可穿戴计算工业应用的创新车间信息环境模式——知晓车间,以及可穿戴现场作业辅助系统。     

策略社会交往运作机制研究——以隐喻为例

隐喻导引的策略交往所关涉的要素包括策略社会交往、顺应、关联和隐喻。策略社会交往是隐喻策略交往始终雏系的红线;顺应是策略社会交往得以成功的机制保障;无论是策略社会交往,还是非策略社会交往,都必须以关联为初衷,否则便是言不由衷,抑或是胡言乱语;隐喻是隐喻策略交往凭借并贯穿始终的语言资源和语用策略。融入合作的隐喻含意策略为隐喻含意的生成和推论提供了上限参照标准,比照其下限保障机制——隐喻含意策略准则便可对隐喻含意进行操控。     

治理情景感知与养殖户环境治理参与意愿研究——一个经验依赖的视角

通过构建基于经验决策理论的养殖户环境治理参与决策分析框架,系统研究不同环境治理模式下规模养殖户环境治理参与意愿的形成机制及其路径差异。首先在经验依赖视角下,构建了养殖户环境治理参与决策机制的路径框架,并根据不同治理情景感知差异提出研究假说;然后基于2017年湖北省生猪规模养殖户实地调查数据,运用PSM方法对理论假说进行了检验。研究表明：拥有生猪粪便资源化处理经验会显著提升规模养殖户的环境治理参与意愿;在强制性环境治理情景中,由于政府管理感知与资源化经验在养殖户参与决策中存在替代效应,弱政府管理感知会进一步增强资源化经验对其环境治理参与意愿的影响;而在诱致性环境治理情景中,由于社会互动感知与资源化经验具有协同效应,强社会互动感知会进一步增强资源化经验对规模养殖户环境治理参与意愿的影响。由此为农村“自上而下”的强制性环境治理模式与“自下而上”的诱致性环境治理模式的协调提供了可能思路。     

Couch Revisited: A Theoretical Treatment of The Information‐Technological Media of Imgur,Reddit, and Twitter

In this paper, I argue that unique locations of digital interactions constitute distinct information‐technological media. I first apply a close reading of Couch's ( 1995a ) work to digital sociology, and then analyze three popular social media networks: www.Imgur.com , www.Reddit.com , and www.Twitter.com . I close with a theoretical application of Couch's paradigm for analyzing the qualities of information technologies.     

Hazard ratio inference in stratified clinical trials with time‐to‐event endpoints and limited sample size

The stratified Cox model is commonly used for stratified clinical trials with time‐to‐event endpoints. The estimated log hazard ratio is approximately a weighted average of corresponding stratum‐specific Cox model estimates using inverse‐variance weights; the latter are optimal only under the (often implausible) assumption of a constant hazard ratio across strata. Focusing on trials with limited sample sizes (50‐200 subjects per treatment), we propose an alternative approach in which stratum‐specific estimates are obtained using a refined generalized logrank (RGLR) approach and then combined using either sample size or minimum risk weights for overall inference. Our proposal extends the work of Mehrotra et al, to incorporate the RGLR statistic, which outperforms the Cox model in the setting of proportional hazards and small samples. This work also entails development of a remarkably accurate plug‐in formula for the variance of RGLR‐based estimated log hazard ratios. We demonstrate using simulations that our proposed two‐step RGLR analysis delivers notably better results through smaller estimation bias and mean squared error and larger power than the stratified Cox model analysis when there is a treatment‐by‐stratum interaction, with similar performance when there is no interaction. Additionally, our method controls the type I error rate while the stratified Cox model does not in small samples. We illustrate our method using data from a clinical trial comparing two treatments for colon cancer.     

Broken Interaction Rituals,Struggles for Membership,and Violence among Young Children in Two Danish Schools

Children's conflicts, understood as disagreements involving negative emotional energy, constitute a particularly intense type of social interaction. In this paper, we show that children's conflictual interactions in school differ with regard to interactional dynamics and levels of confrontational tension, which together potentially lead to violence. We discuss how these differences relate to issues of inclusion and exclusion, to levels of interactional resources, and to neighborhood differences. Our conclusions are based on analysis of fieldwork data on children aged five to eight in two Danish schools. The analysis applies Goffman's and Collins's perspectives on interaction rituals and violence and the concept of emotional capital based on Bourdieu's theory of practice.     

Outspoken Objects and Unspoken Myths: The Semiotics of Object-Mediated Communication

This interactionist study draws on the semiotics of Peirce and Barthes to theorize object-mediated communication, a nonverbal interpersonal technique in which individuals signal new information by using and orienting themselves to symbolically endowed material objects. Examining the case of door-mediated communication, it proposes that objects lie symbolically dormant until their deeper collective significance is activated through their use in interaction. The article expands the scope of interactionist inquiry on human–nonhuman relations by moving beyond the dominant scholarly focus on identity. The semiotic approach foregrounds a distinct human–object phenomenon, a novel category of nonverbal communication, and important meaning-making dynamics.     

Considering Alternate Sources of Role Identity: Childless Parents and Their Animal “Kids”

Identity theory posits that role identity is negotiated between human social actors and is based in broader cultural expectations about how particular statuses should be performed. I argue that the formation of role identity in actors can also occur in relationship to nonhuman actors, if they are perceived as minded. Depending on context and human perception, identity can be formed as a result of interaction and developing “theory of mind” with nonhuman animals, directly implicating the animal. Using in‐depth interviews of childless and childfree companion animal owners, I demonstrate the existence of a parent identity in childless participants that would not otherwise be present were it not for interaction with the animal “child.” This identity is confirmed in participant narratives describing substantial behavioral output aligned with the U.S. cultural ideal of “parent.” Likewise, I find that significant others provide external support for the enactment of this role identity, allowing participants to verify self‐in‐situation. Overall, my analysis emphasizes the importance of considering nonhuman sources as occupying counterstatus positions in the formation of role identity while highlighting how these relationships affect interaction in the childfree and childless home, thus expanding scholarly understanding about both identity formation and emerging family types.     

Using Photovoice to Understand Barriers and Enablers to Southern Labrador Inuit Intergenerational Interaction

In Indigenous communities, strong intergenerational relationships have been identified as valuable due to the ways they contribute to cultural continuity and community wellness. This project uses Photovoice, a qualitative, participatory research method in which participants take photographs to examine Southern Inuit older adult and youth representations of intergenerational relationships in Labrador, Canada. Photovoice proved to be useful in accessing elder and youth perspectives on intergenerational engagement in this community, while bringing diverse generations together in a shared, meaningful activity. Our findings suggest that family, community, and the transmission of cultural knowledge are hubs of intergenerational engagement.