论宋太祖制御边将的两手策略

北宋建立之初,面对巩固新政权和继续进行统一战争的艰巨任务,宋太祖在内地实行＂强干弱枝＂的同时,于边防地区部署重兵。为更好地制御边将,他采取了不同于内地的两手策略。经济上宽纵与政治上严控相辅相成,是宋太祖制御边将策略的主要特点。这些策略做法对当时及太祖以后的宋朝历史产生了重要而深远的影响。     

应用GIS 技术辅助油藏管理

油气藏开发涉及油气藏的三维空间分布和内部状态变化的复杂问题,信息系统是支持油藏管理的基本手段。传统油气藏开发管理信息系统基于表格形式表现对象属性,无法反映描述对象的空间联系和系统的空间分布模式。地理信息系统( GIS) 能够有效描述二维空间问题,将GIS 技术引入油气藏开发管理信息系统将极大地扩展管理信息系统的描述能力和表现形式,但是对于油气藏开发这类特殊的三维问题还缺少描述和分析能力。通过分析传统的油藏管理信息系统所面临的问题,提出了油气藏开发管理GIS 系统的体系结构、目标设计和功能设计,讨论油气藏开发管理GIS 系统的技术路线、信息组织方式、表示方式以及开发模式,指出需要研究更完善的三维空间描述方法和表现手法,结合油藏描述技术及其成果,在地质建模的基础上开展空间分析,将会使油气田开发中的GIS 技术更加完善。     

Differences in health-related quality of life among persons living with HIV/AIDS

We sought to identify differences in health-related quality of life (HRQoL) among a sample of HIV positive individuals receiving case management services in northern Florida. Our study consisted of 97 individuals receiving HIV case management that included 56 males (57.7%) and 81 African Americans (83.5%) who were 47.05 years old (SD = 9.33). HRQoL was measured using the HIV/AIDS Targeted-Quality of Life scale (HAT-QOL). Results show significant group differences in HRQoL by race, income, tobacco use, alcohol use, drug use, and CD4 cell count, despite only 43% of this sample being able to recall their most recent CD4 count. Translating these findings to inform practice, HIV care providers need to provide continuing education to patients about their disease status, knowledge, and treatment as it relates to self-care. Also, HIV care providers should be especially cognizant of the impact that tobacco, alcohol, and illicit drug use has on HRQoL for persons living with HIV/AIDS (PLHA) by working to assess social support, identify readiness for change, and make appropriate referrals for treatment.     

An integrated approach for water resources decision making under interactive and compound uncertainties

In recent years, the issue of water allocation among competing users has been of great concern for many countries due to increasing water demand from population growth and economic development. In water management systems, the inherent uncertainties and their potential interactions pose a significant challenge for water managers to identify optimal water-allocation schemes in a complex and uncertain environment. This paper thus proposes a methodology that incorporates optimization techniques and statistical experimental designs within a general framework to address the issues of uncertainty and risk as well as their correlations in a systematic manner. A water resources management problem is used to demonstrate the applicability of the proposed methodology. The results indicate that interval solutions can be generated for the objective function and decision variables, and a number of decision alternatives can be obtained under different policy scenarios. The solutions with different risk levels of constraint violation can help quantify the relationship between the economic objective and the system risk, which is meaningful for supporting risk management. The experimental data obtained from the Taguchi's orthogonal array design are useful for identifying the significant factors affecting the means of total net benefits. Then the findings from the mixed-level factorial experiment can help reveal the latent interactions between those significant factors at different levels and their effects on the modeling response.     

基于《论语》视角的高校基层管理人员自我价值感的提升

高校基层管理人员自我价值感的状况,直接地影响着这个群体潜能的发挥和工作绩效的提高。目前,对部分高校基层管理人员来说,工作的事务性、程序性和职位与职称晋升的障碍使自我价值感降低。运用《论语》中的相关心灵策略,树立远大的职业理想,正确客观地认识自己,培育从容的平和心态,可一定程度上提高自我价值感。     

浅谈销售计划控制与绩效管理

销售企业管理涵盖计划、组织、协调、控制等，是营销工作的一项基本、重要的职能。要充分发挥这些职能，必须与完善的绩效考核管理制度相结合，这样才能使企业的销售管理工作真正落到实处。     

成功教育在教育管理中的运用

教育的责任就是要培养学生自我成功的能力,给学生成功的信心和希望.因此在管理中应更好地使更多的同学树立信心,正确认识自我,合理定位,并坚定地朝着自己的目标努力,以获得成功.这是现代教育管理的需要,也是管理者所应追求的目标.     

JD-R模式下过度劳动的多维动态性形成与管理研究

随着我国经济的快速发展,过度劳动的现象日益突出,过度劳动的后果是相关人员生活、工作、人际关系等质量下降,由此导致组织绩效下降。通过调研和实证,以JDR模型为分析基础,将过度劳动的形成要素归纳为基础变量、直接变量和间接变量三大维度,在此基础上构建了过度劳动的形成机制模型,并通过工作压力度这个中介变量揭示了三大变量之间的关系及过度劳动的动态形成机理。结合国情,建立了对过度劳动进行有效管理的模型,从两大系统和六个层面提出对过度劳动进行动态化、体系化的预防与应对策略。     

Uncertain Benefits Estimates for Reductions in Fine Particle Concentrations

The Environmental Protection Agency's (EPA's) estimates of the benefits of improved air quality, especially from reduced mortality associated with reductions in fine particle concentrations, constitute the largest category of benefits from all federal regulation over the last decade. EPA develops such estimates, however, using an approach little changed since a 2002 report by the National Research Council (NRC), which was critical of EPA's methods and recommended a more comprehensive uncertainty analysis incorporating probability distributions for major sources of uncertainty. Consistent with the NRC's 2002 recommendations, we explore alternative assumptions and probability distributions for the major variables used to calculate the value of mortality benefits. For metropolitan Philadelphia, we show that uncertainty in air quality improvements and in baseline mortality have only modest effects on the distribution of estimated benefits. We analyze the effects of alternative assumptions regarding the value of reducing mortality risk, whether the toxicity is above or below the average for fine particles, and whether there is a threshold in the concentration‐response relationship, and show these assumptions all have large effects on the distribution of benefits.     

Unpacking Within‐Household Gender Differences in Partners' Subjective Benefits From Household Income

The authors examine how contributions to household resources, indicated by employment status, influence satisfaction with household income (SWHI) for members of male/female couples. They take changes in SWHI, which may differ within couples, to indicate changes in perceived benefits from their common household income, benefits that can go beyond individual consumption. Using data from the British Household Panel Survey for 2,396 couples from 1996 to 2007, three gender effects are identified. First, men predominate in making the type of contribution that most positively influences SWHI, namely, full‐time employment. Second, the effect of contributions depends on the gender of the contributor, with men's employment being more influential than women's. Third, within couples, making the more influential contribution, as men tend to do, leads to relatively greater SWHI. The authors conclude that gender asymmetry in contributions made to household resources is one way in which gender inequalities invade and inhabit households.