经典作家社会主义民主建设的理论及其当代发展

马克思、恩格斯就无产阶级民主的产生和消亡留下了理论遗产。列宁提出由党实现无产阶级专政和无产阶级民主、加强国家机构的管理能力、反对官僚主义等,体现了无产阶级在实践过程中对民主问题的初步的认识。在当代中国,中国共产党提出建设有中国特色的社会主义民主政治,以民主政治建设来保障构建社会主义和谐社会任务的顺利进行,建设社会主义法治国家等等,丰富和发展了经典作家的理论。     

The Presence of Memory-Enriched Environments for Cognitively Impaired Nursing Home Residents

Abstract

Enriched living environments that contain a wide array of personal memorabilia and memory-stimulating cues have the potential to support cognitive functioning. The purpose of this ethnographic research was to describe the care environments of older adults with cognitive impairment living in nursing homes (n?=?42), to evaluate the degree to which these environments contained memory-stimulating cues, and to understand the extent to which these environments were cognitively stimulating for older adults with dementia. Results indicated varying levels of enrichment both within and between homes, with nearly a quarter of the residents living in environments that contained no memory-enhancing stimuli.     

试论不当得利的准据法适用原则

不当得利是民法中的一项基本法律制度.国际私法上的不当得利含有涉外因素,在法律适用上会发生冲突.不当得利的法律适用原则有不当得利地法原则、属人法原则、最密切联系原则、意思自治原则、适用基本法律关系的准据法原则,我国大陆立法为保护不当得利受害人的合法权益,维护社会公平,解决涉外不当得利纠纷,有必要制定国际私法典以完善不当得利法律适用制度.     

Sequential parallel comparison design with two coprimary endpoints

A placebo‐controlled randomized clinical trial is required to demonstrate that an experimental treatment is superior to its corresponding placebo on multiple coprimary endpoints. This is particularly true in the field of neurology. In fact, clinical trials for neurological disorders need to show the superiority of an experimental treatment over a placebo in two coprimary endpoints. Unfortunately, these trials often fail to detect a true treatment effect for the experimental treatment versus the placebo owing to an unexpectedly high placebo response rate. Sequential parallel comparison design (SPCD) can be used to address this problem. However, the SPCD has not yet been discussed in relation to clinical trials with coprimary endpoints. In this article, our aim was to develop a hypothesis‐testing method and a method for calculating the corresponding sample size for the SPCD with two coprimary endpoints. In a simulation, we show that the proposed hypothesis‐testing method achieves the nominal type I error rate and power and that the proposed sample size calculation method has adequate power accuracy. In addition, the usefulness of our methods is confirmed by returning to an SPCD trial with a single primary endpoint of Alzheimer disease‐related agitation.     

Enrichment designs using placebo nonresponders

Enrichment designs that select placebo nonresponders have gained much attention during the last years in areas with high placebo response rates, eg, in depression. Proposals were made that re‐randomize patients who did not respond to placebo during a first study phase as the sequential parallel design (SPD). This design uses in a second phase an enriched patient population where the treatment effect is expected to be more pronounced. This may be problematic if an effect in the overall population is claimed. Proposals were made to combine the treatment effects in the overall population from study phase 1 and the enriched population from study phase 2, alleviating but not solving the issue of a potential selection bias. This paper shows how this bias corresponding to the effect difference between the overall population and the enriched population depends on the variability of a potential subject‐by‐treatment interaction. Sample sizes are given, which lead to a significant result in the combining test with a given probability if actually the average effect in the overall population is zero. If, on the other hand, no subject‐by‐treatment interaction is given, the enrichment is shown to be inefficient. We conclude that enrichment designs using placebo nonresponders are not able to claim a positive average effect in the overall population if a subject‐by‐treatment interaction cannot be excluded. It cannot be used to demonstrate positive efficacy in the overall population in a pivotal phase III trial but may be used in early phases to demonstrate varying treatment effects between patients.     

中国朝鲜族文化与孔子的儒家思想

中国朝鲜族文化与孔子儒家思想渊源极深,因此"仁礼学说"成为朝鲜族普遍的价值理念和信仰追求。随着时代的发展和民族的进步,中国朝鲜族在"仁、礼、孝、学"四方面丰富并发展了它的内涵,同时也充实和完善了中华民族和世界人民的思想文化宝库。     

构建社会主义和谐社会应辩证地看待“先富”和“共富”

“共同富裕”虽然成为构建社会主义和谐社会的主旋律，但同样需要正确处理好“先富”与“共同富裕”的辩证关系。构建社会主义和谐社会的基本内涵是实现共同富裕；强调“共同富裕”并不是要否定“先富”；需要依靠“先富”作为实现“共同富裕”的手段和途径。构建社会主义和谐社会必须理顺分配关系，逐步实现共同富裕。     

浅议江泽民对邓小平统一战线理论的丰富和发展

统一战线是中国共产党的政治法宝之一,江泽民同志根据时代发展的要求,从统一战线的本质、地位作用、对象、范围、任务、多党合作、民族宗教等方面对邓小平统战理论作了进一步的阐释和概括,全面丰富和发展了党的统一战线理论,为开创党的新时期的统战工作新局面做出了极为重要的贡献。     

许霆案之法学反思

“许霆案”是一个由民事行为转化为犯罪行为的典型案件,根据我国现行《刑法》的规定,比之于法院判决“盗窃罪”的定性,其定性为“侵占罪”更为合适。“许霆案”的启示是,刑法既不能冤枉一个无辜者,也不能放纵一个犯罪人;而且,应罪刑相适,罪轻则刑轻,罪重则刑重。这是现代社会刑法理念下普通公民、立法者、司法者应该追求的法律公正。     

浅析我国不当得利制度与美国unjust enrichment制度之异同

对我国的不当得利制度与美国unjust enrichment制度,从范围和构成要件进行对比,并就我国不当得利制度、无因管理制度和侵权制度与unjust enrichment制度的差异予以分析,试图以此找到完善我国不当得利制度的途径,使其最大限度发挥应有的作用。