Curbing the demographic “drifting dune” in long-term care insurance financing: The case of Germany

Long-term care provision and financing are becoming increasingly important matters in all ageing economies. Therefore, a major challenge for policy makers is to strike a balance between adequate care and sustainable financing. In this study, we evaluate the proposal of a so-called sustainability factor in German long-term care insurance. Considering changes in the beneficiary-contributor ratio, it aims for a rule-based consideration of demographic dynamics to alleviate pressure on long-term care financing. Using the framework of generational accounting, we demonstrate that this proposal could have a relieving effect on finances, depending on the share of involvement of current and future generations. It may offer an option for pay-as-you-go long-term care insurance systems worldwide that need to curb the impact of ageing societies. Therefore, this article addresses policy makers tasked with designing a sustainable financing model for long-term care insurance. It demonstrates that the sustainability factor represents a step towards sustainable finances and, thus, it might be one component of a more comprehensive reform package.     

Pension financialization and collective risk sharing in Canada and Finland

This article contributes to the debate concerning pension financialization and how countries are adapting their pension systems to respond to demographic ageing. We do so by examining the statutory pension systems of Canada and Finland, which diverge interestingly from current international trends. The Canadian and Finnish public pension schemes reflect two tendencies often associated with pension financialization: an increasing reliance on financial markets and an investment policy with a diversified asset allocation. However, unlike in many other countries, this has not resulted in heightened individual risks in old-age income security caused by a shift from defined benefit to defined contribution pensions – an otherwise common trend internationally.     

学习型组织中的“学习主体”类型与案例研究

通过对国际知名的、长盛不衰的学习型组织(摩托罗拉、惠普、通用电气等) 深入的案例研 究, 指出员工是学习型组织中真正的学习主体, 并提出了以“自愿式(vo lun tary) —要求式( re2 qu ired) ”、“个人式( individual) —团队式( team ) ”两个维度所形成的四种“学习主体”类型(即I2 V 型, T 2V 型, I2R 型, T 2R 型) 及其运作案例. 最后提出了影响组织选择这四种不同类型“学习 主体”时的相关因素.     

Écrire l’incertitude. Le travail à bord des navires de commerce entre stabilisations,prises de risques et responsabilisations

Because of the many sources of uncertainty and opportunities for separation between sailors and the ship, work on board a merchant ship requires a panoply of tools that contribute to the continuity of activity and the identification of active agents. Writing is one of these instruments. Observation of the ship's different written media reveals the difficulty and, at the same time, the need for this organization to be maintained. They reveal the existence of a particular connection between land and sea, while raising issues of responsibility.     

政治权力运行的法治化与对腐败的治理

发展中国家在现代化的过程中都面临着艰巨的反腐败任务。治理和反对腐败,从归根结根的意义上说,是通过控制掌权者对权力的行使达到权力公共运行的目的。控制和制约权力不是依靠人治而是要找到控制权力非公共运行的机制和模式,这就是依法治国、政治权力运行的法治化。     

组织职业生涯管理及效果的实证研究

通过开放式问卷调查和访谈, 结合国外的职业生涯管理的做法, 编制了适合我国国情的 组织职业生涯管理问卷, 将问卷在广州、武汉、十堰、襄樊等地的12 家国有企业、民营企业、股 份制企业的管理者、技术人员中进行了调查, 获得了410 份有效问卷. 分析结果表明: 我国组织职业生涯管理的结构主要体现在4 个维度: 即晋升公平、注重培训、组织自我认识的活动、职业发展信息的沟通; 而且这4 个维度对组织承诺、工作卷入度、职业满意度、工作绩效等产生积极的影响.     

《西游记》的女性人文写真

《西游记》是一部古代神魔小说,书中的众多正反面女性人物在创作意义上具有特殊的作用和艺术价值,能够折射真实的时代背景、社会百态和人性特征。通过对小说中的正反面女性人物形象的分析,意在揭示小说文本中隐含的女性人文精神世界,发掘作者对女性形象的理解、解释和欣赏,阐明小说对女性人物的塑造就是对生活女性的人文写真。     

L'évaluation par le client comme méthode de surveillance: les enjeux de la réputation numérique du travailleur à la lumière du Règlement général sur la protection des données de l'Union européenne

L'évaluation du travailleur par le client ou l'employeur ainsi que la publication des avis qui en résultent constituent une méthode de contrôle et de surveillance qui pose de multiples problèmes au regard du droit européen. Sous couvert d'une approche client, elle soumet le travailleur à une surveillance de tous les instants, qui va bien au‐delà de ce qui prévaut dans un cadre de travail classique. L'auteur examine les enjeux de la question à la lumière du Règlement général sur la protection des données de l'Union européenne (UE), qui fixe des limites très précises à la collecte et la publication d'informations concernant les travailleurs.     

La protection sociale au Chili: des réformes pour plus de justice

Au début des années quatre‐vingt, le Chili – imité ensuite par d'autres pays – a lancé une réforme privatisant en partie ou totalement les systèmes de l'assurance maladie et des retraites. Mise en ?uvre sans concertation sociale, la réforme se fera aux dépens des principes de solidarité et de justice sociale, contribuant à la progression de la pauvreté et des inégalités. Depuis, les gouvernements démocratiques ont apporté bien des corrections. L'auteur analyse les progrès réalisés, mais aussi les inégalités qui persistent – vues sous l'angle de la couverture, du sexe et de la contribution financière – et les problèmes qui restent à résoudre.     

L’Europe sociale : créativité institutionnelle communautaire et réalités nationales

“Social Europe” has been constructed following 50 years of EEC and EU policy-making, which has gradually extricated social questions from a pure rationale of economic integration in order to turn it into a lever for European political integration. The theoretical and disciplinary viewpoints are presented that, together, help us better understand the processes at work. Attention is drawn to three of them. First of all, the evolutionary process of building the EU accounts both for the differences between social Europe and national welfare systems, and for an ongoing process of institutional creation through an accumulation of EU legal achievements (acquis). Secondly, the expansion of the EU to twelve new member states lacking robust labor relation systems, along with globalization, represents a challenge for the future of the “European social model”. Finally, social Europe has not yet undergone an assessment. Problems arise owing to the short shrift given by treaties to questions of social legislation or redistribution, but the “Europeanization of national policies” apparently opens a way toward overcoming these obstacles.