论威廉·卡洛斯·威廉斯诗歌的色彩语言

威廉.卡洛斯.威廉斯将绘画艺术的表现形式与原则融入诗歌的创作,使得其产生了鲜明的视觉效果,而色彩是构成威廉斯诗歌形象的最重要的因素。色彩不仅能准确地表达视觉艺术效果,而且还能传递作者强烈的情感。威廉斯运用极其丰富的表达色彩的语言,来传递色彩的情感因素,从而创造出独有的诗歌美学特征。本文就将从色彩学理论来分析威廉斯诗歌的审美特征。     

Sebastião Salgado and Visual Sociology

This paper links the work of Sebastião Salgado, recipient of the 2010 American Sociological Association (ASA) Award for Excellence in the Reporting of Social Issues, with the discipline of sociology. I reflect on Salgado’s biography, method, and concerns in order to demonstrate how his work contributes to the awareness and understanding of social issues. Toward this end, I summarize sociology’s record of involvement with visual documentation. Prior to 1915, the American Journal of Sociology regularly included photographs that provided visual documentation of environments under study. However, as sociology moved away from social reform activities and toward scientific investigation, the regular publication of photographs ceased. During the 1930s and 1940s, photographic projects in disciplines and social movements beyond sociology developed a variety of methods that would prove useful to sociology. During the 1970s, sociologists once again began to use visual methods in their teaching, research, and publication, putting sociology in the position to both contribute to and benefit from insights and social commitments that have distinguished Sebastião Salgado as a globally significant photographer and social activist during the late twentieth and early twenty‐first centuries.     

The Influence of Uncertain Map Features on Risk Beliefs and Perceived Ambiguity for Maps of Modeled Cancer Risk from Air Pollution

Maps are often used to convey information generated by models, for example, modeled cancer risk from air pollution. The concrete nature of images, such as maps, may convey more certainty than warranted for modeled information. Three map features were selected to communicate the uncertainty of modeled cancer risk: (i) map contours appeared in or out of focus, (ii) one or three colors were used, and (iii) a verbal‐relative or numeric risk expression was used in the legend. Study aims were to assess how these features influenced risk beliefs and the ambiguity of risk beliefs at four assigned map locations that varied by risk level. We applied an integrated conceptual framework to conduct this full factorial experiment with 32 maps that varied by the three dichotomous features and four risk levels; 826 university students participated. Data was analyzed using structural equation modeling. Unfocused contours and the verbal‐relative risk expression generated more ambiguity than their counterparts. Focused contours generated stronger risk beliefs for higher risk levels and weaker beliefs for lower risk levels. Number of colors had minimal influence. The magnitude of risk level, conveyed using incrementally darker shading, had a substantial dose‐response influence on the strength of risk beliefs. Personal characteristics of prior beliefs and numeracy also had substantial influences. Bottom‐up and top‐down information processing suggest why iconic visual features of incremental shading and contour focus had the strongest visual influences on risk beliefs and ambiguity. Variations in contour focus and risk expression show promise for fostering appropriate levels of ambiguity.     

The Impact of Wireless Technology on Order Selection Audits at an Auto Parts Distribution Center

Audits of store order pallets or totes performed by auditors at five distribution centers (two experimental and three comparison distribution centers) were used to check for picking accuracy prior to being loaded onto a truck for store delivery. Replacing the paper audits with wireless handheld computers that included immediate auditory and visual feedback was instrumental in increasing the number of audits by nearly 89% without incurring overtime hours for the auditors. Increasing the number of audits meant that more orders were checked for accuracy within an 8-hr shift. The errors and inefficiencies noted with paper audits were eliminated immediately at implementation. The role of the organizational behavior management (OBM) practitioner in designing work procedure changes using technical solutions to accelerate key operational processes was examined.     

视觉图像在中世纪文化传播中的语义

通过对中世纪艺术作品图像的诠释,了解了基督教在中世纪文化中的主导作用,对基督图像形象化和象征性的解读,促使中世纪艺术作为一种新的视觉图像符号登上了历史的舞台。     

自闭症谱系障碍者的视觉注意特点及其应用

自闭症谱系障碍(ASD)者在目光接触、面孔表情、身体活动等社交信息的视觉注意方面存在困难,同时也有对局部信息加工、视觉搜索等方面的视觉优势。在ASD康复训练和日常生活管理中,可借助视觉特点辅助ASD者理解日常生活,利用ASD者视觉记忆优势达到教学目标,针对视觉症状帮助ASD者适应社会,扬长避短,从其优势出发更好地帮助ASD者适应社会。     

“问题”及其构成要素的哲学考察

"问题",尤其是"科学问题",是科学认识论或方法论中一个十分重要的范畴。问题除了与世界相关联,还与另外四个基本概念相杂合:不理想性、注意力、困难、可解性。这四个基本概念既展示了问题的实质内容,也从概念意义上展示了问题的形成过程。文章以吉恩.阿格雷关于问题的思想为切入点,在分析评价的基础上,论述了问题的四大构成要素及其相互之间的关系。     

Parenting the Custodial Grandchild: Implications for Clinical Practice edited by Bert Hayslip Jr. and Patricia Kaminski

Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD), usually diagnosed in children, is known to persist into adulthood. However, the research has not examined the disorder in older adults. This article describes a preliminary qualitative study of the experiences of women over age 62 who were diagnosed with ADHD after the age of 60. Participants reported experiencing peer rejection, feeling different, and a tendency to become advocates for others. Although they reported difficulties in work and relationships, they also described finding creative solutions to their attention problems. Diagnosis and treatment appears to have assisted with self-acceptance and appreciation of the strengths of having ADHD.     

视觉人类学的三个维度

看或被看,是一种不可避免的状态。就我们在什么情况下在场观看？观看者和被观看者处于什么关系？透过我们的观看,呈现的是自己文化的影像记忆,还是现实人文的多重镜像？我们的图像如何具有我们的文化特质等问题,本文结合2009年在昆明召开的国际人类学与民族学联合会第16届大会研讨情况,对“我看人,人看我;我看人,也看我;我看人怎么看我”三个视觉人类学角度做些论述,以期和学界同仁分享大会研讨成果。     

Meeting the Needs of Visually Impaired People Living in Lifetime Homes

ABSTRACT

This article explores perceptions on the suitability and effectiveness of Lifetime Homes standards (LTHS) for those with visual impairment in Northern Ireland. LTHS are a series of mandatory United Kingdom public-sector housing design interventions, providing a model for ensuring accessible and adaptable homes throughout an occupant's life span. An aging demographic with increasing incidence of diabetes has led to rising numbers of elderly, visually impaired people wanting to remain in their homes for longer. Qualitative semi-structured interviews were conducted with 13 key stakeholders and thematically analyzed. Although findings show that employing LTHS offers benefits to visually impaired residents, shortcomings were also identified. Evidence indicates a need for policy makers, health-care professionals, and housing associations to modify practices to better meet the housing needs of visually impaired people. Findings may also be applicable to those with other impairments and disabilities in relation to housing for elderly residents.