浅析无因管理的构成要件

作为债的发生依据的法律事实,无因管理属于合法的事实行为。确认某一管理行为是否为无因管理行为,取决于管理人是否有法定的或者约定的义务、是否为避免他人利益损失而为管理以及是否对他人进行了管理或服务三个构成要件。无因管理的价值在于助人为乐,促进社会主义精神文明建设。     

欧盟与独联体国家双边贸易协定法律制度简论

上世纪90年代以来,独联体国家与欧盟及其成员国之间的双边经贸关系出现了积极发展的态势。欧盟主要是利用“伙伴与合作关系协定”的形式对双边经贸关系进行调整。协定的内容不仅涉及关税减让、数量限制措施、保障措施等经济方面的问题,还涉及双边政治对话和人权保护等政治问题,这些协定对于中国积极应对入世后的挑战,起草与东盟建立自由贸易区的协议,加速两岸三地经济一体化进程有借鉴作用。     

"入世"对中国农业发展的影响及其对策

中国加入WTO后 ,对农业的发展将产生较大影响 ,这种影响既有积极的一面 ,也有消极的一面。面对加入WTO农业发展宏观环境的变化 ,要采取调整农业结构 ,加强对农业的支持和保护力度等措施 ,趋利避害 ,在整个农产品国际竞争中争取主动 ,促使中国农业更快的发展。     

Integrated Social Accounting for Nonprofits: A Case from Canada

Whereas social accounting has been strong in its critique of conventional accounting, to date it has not been as effective in developing accounting frameworks consistent with its principles. This is particularly true for nonprofit organizations. The costs of nonprofits can be easily measured; however, not captured by conventional accounting is the value of their nonmonetized resources such as volunteers. This paper argues that social accounting for nonprofits would benefit by creating accounting statements that combine the economic and social impact of an organization (referred to as an integrated approach). After discussing some historic examples of integrated social accounting, the paper presents a Canadian case study in which the value added by volunteers of a nonprofit organization is combined with its financial statements in an Expanded Value Added Statement. By combining social and economic information, a very different performance story of the organization emerges.     

论移民主体认知状态的转化--兼论重庆库区非自愿移民向自愿移民转化的成功实践

移民主体认知状态的转化是非自愿移民向自愿移民转化的根本动因。在移民实践中,认知状态的转化问题是一个很重要的问题。在研究移民动因与认知结构转化的必然性,及影响非自愿移民向自愿移民转化的主要因素的基础上,分析了重庆库区实现非自愿移民向自愿移民转化的成功实践。     

On the sustainability of bargaining solutions in family decision models

This paper analyses the sustainability of family bargaining agreements by developing a non-cooperative game between two spouses with symmetric preferences. To that end, we develop, by using a general utility function, a repeated non-cooperative game involving two players with symmetric preferences, where the characterization of a Nash sub-game perfect equilibrium allows us to demonstrate that the spouse with the greater bargaining power has a greater incentive to reach an agreement. This result is also reproduced by using a particular example of linear preferences in consumption. However, the influence of the bargaining power on the sustainability of a bargaining solution depends on the specification of the individual preferences, as well as the degree of altruism between the spouses.

Negotiation and Defeasible Decision Making

In economically meaningful interactions negotiations are particularly important because they allow agents to improve their information about the environment and even to change accordingly their own characteristics. In each step of a negotiation an agent has to emit a message. This message conveys information about her preferences and endowments. Given that the information she uses to decide which message to emit comes from beliefs generated in previous stages of the negotiation, she has to cope with the uncertainty associated with them. The assessment of the states of the world also evolves during the negotiation. In this paper we analyze the intertwined dynamics of beliefs and decision, in order to determine conditions on the agents that allow them to reach agreements. The framework for decision making we consider here is based on defeasible evaluation of possibilities: an argument for a choice defeats another one if it is based on a computation that better uses all the available information.     

全民义务植树运动历史回顾及改革建议

1981年邓小平同志倡导的“全民义务植树运动”在中国实施了三十多年,不仅增加了国土绿化面积,改善了生态环境,而且提高了公民的生态环保意识,培养了爱绿护绿的社会风气。但是近十年来,义务植树运动越来越难以组织开展,常常流于形式。其根本原因在于义务植树法规没有与时俱进,尤其是法规中规定的植树义务的强制性,与当前的经济、生态形势非常不和谐,应该废止。建议用志愿代替强制,取消每人每年植树3至5株的规定,让义务植树成为公民自愿参与的公益劳动。同时,建议中央政府只出台指导性的意见,把具体实施决定权充分下放给各省、市、自治区,由各地根据自己的特色制订相应的制度。     

History and the non‐profit sector: Parish pump meets global constellations

Abstract

The New Zealand leg of the Johns Hopkins Comparative Nonprofit Sector Project followed the parent study by including a substantial historical dimension. This paper reflects upon the role of history in a comparative, increasingly quantitative project which is itself a product of time and place. The historical synthesis that emerged drew upon numerous small, local studies to locate New Zealand within the wide‐ranging models of state/non‐profit sector relations generated by the Johns Hopkins study. At the same time, it attempted to tell a story to a local audience. The result was a productive tension between axes of analysis—the internationally comparative, across geographical boundaries, informed by detailed statistical analyses; and comparisons across time, where the focus was on that other “foreign country”, the past, and the research, of necessity, more qualitative and impressionistic.     

WTO协议在我国国内适用的问题

从国际法与国内法的关系和条约法的基本原理方面进行阐述和分析,分别就各国处理国际条约在国内适用问题的方法,我国处理国际条约在国内适用的实践,以及WTO协议在我国的适用问题展开论述,试图通过“转化”、或“纳入”及效力等级的分析从国际法、国内法理论方面解释这一难题,为我国的立法和司法实践提供一点新思路。