Philanthropy in 18th-Century Central Europe: Evangelical Reform and Commerce

This article focuses on the close linkage between domestic philanthropy and commerce at the end of the early modern period, and the sophistication with which well-connected evangelical institutions transcended the confines of established religion and territorial boundaries. Use of a large set of primary and secondary sources that are relatively unknown in the history of the voluntary sector permits the examination and analysis of several notable aspects of the Francke Orphanage Foundations, an 18th-century central European institution of evangelical reform and colonial mission. Particular attention is given to the innovative efforts of their founder, August Hermann Francke, to secure an independent financial base for his institutional goals. These goals, which were supported in large part by members of the German nobility and of merchants in the imperial cities, included but were not limited to reform of charity care and education. From the outset, a close network of personal supporters and evangelical institutions that extended throughout Protestant Europe proved essential for both trade and evangelical mission; this network permitted expansion into Russia and the Baltic provinces, Hungary, the Near East and India, and eventually the British North American colonies.     

“一带一路”契机下中国服务贸易的机遇分析

共建“一带一路”是我国近期提出的一项重大对外经济发展战略,服务贸易作为推动当今世界经济快速发展的强大力量,应借助“一带一路”战略提出的有利契机,努力实现自身的快速发展。利用服务贸易进出口额和增长率及全球占比等数据分析中国服务贸易现状,并分析“一带一路”战略为中国服务贸易带来的机遇,在此基础上提出了“一带一路”契机下大力发展服务贸易的措施。     

南通化解理论宣传践行难的路径探究

外在的思想意识如何被人们理性认可、情感认同和意志接受践行,是一个需要付出巨大努力才可获得成效的过程。南通近年来找到了一条新的路径：通过多层次的宣传覆盖所有人群,通过宣传内容、形式等的更新促进民众的理性认可;通过多层次先进典型的塑造给人以示范;通过向模范人物赠送礼遇、礼包,增强其积极践行的意识;通过构建各种防范机制解决民众争当先进典型的后顾之忧,促使民众积极做“好事”,从而带动整个社会风清气正。     

Brief Report: Who has a Sexual Agreement Among Mixed-Sex Partnered Adults in the U.S.?

Little is known about how common sexual agreements (SAs) are among mixed-sex couples. Data from 555 partnered, mixed-sex adults who completed a 1-time web survey were used to describe who had a SA in their current relationship and associated factors. Sixty-two percent reported having a SA. Having a SA was associated with identifying as bisexual or questioning, owning a smartphone, and recently having anal sex in the current relationship. Further research is needed to assess whether SAs may be an ideal platform to assist mixed-sex couples with their sexual health needs, which could include HIV/STD prevention and family planning.     

金融集团及其内部限制竞争协议研究

提供多元金融服务的金融集团一般是金融综合经营和跨业经营即产融混合合并的产物,其多元经营目的是各业务间高度互补和金融资源共享,集团内部各法律实体形成利益共同体,金融集团通过限制竞争协议尤其是集团内部的限制竞争协议安排达到逃避竞争的目的.金融集团内部限制竞争协议具有隐蔽性,监管难度极大,其对竞争秩序的损害不亚于前者,根据"企业内部共谋理论"有必要对金融集团内部成员企业之间的限制竞争协议进行必要的规制.     

魏巍《东方》综论——茅盾文学奖获奖作品丛论之一

魏巍的《东方》再现了朝鲜战争从爆发到结束的全过程,揭示了抗美援朝的正义性和必要性,歌颂了中国共产党人和志愿军战士,歌颂了军民的鱼水情谊,歌颂了中朝两国人民的友谊,歌颂了无产阶级的人性美。揭露和批判了人民军队内部存在的消极思想及其所产生的消极影响。人物众多而又性格鲜明,抒情方式多样、抒情色彩浓郁,结构宏大而严谨,情节富于传奇性,人物语言个性化。但也存在着在人物刻画上概念化,人物典型化不够等缺憾。     

公私协力:非协调约束下公私灾害救助困境的破解

以往大部分文献从经济、政治和管理等角度对"全能政府"与灾害危机之间的关系进行了探讨,过于重视政府角色的扩张,或者讨论当 "政府失灵" 及"市场失灵"时,非营利组织可以协助解决.然而在灾害救助过程中,非营利组织也可能产生"志愿失灵"情形.若要解决三个部门"失灵"的问题,可通过建构"公私协力机制"来解决.社工非营利组织能发挥积极的"补充性"而非"替代性"作用的观点,通过志愿服务、公民参与与政策倡导等方式,非营利组织督促与协助政府开展救灾工作,克服政府由于威权化和分权化所导致的反映迟缓的缺陷.对于政府和非营利组织而言,这不是一种"零和博弈",而是一种"双赢博弈",当然,最大受益者是广大灾民.     

Voluntary improvements to social security in Spain: Current legal standards and jurisprudence

This article presents a general overview of "voluntary improvements" as one form of voluntary social provision within the Spanish social security system. To this end, the article analyses different forms of voluntary improvements from both a legal and a jurisprudential perspective. Particular attention is given to problems that are a major source of conflict. In line with employment practice, voluntary improvements are articulated through collective bargaining. Although intended to encourage private initiative in matters of social provision, such improvements are nonetheless guided by the social security system, not least as a means to control both funding and procedure.     

Contingent Pathways from Joiner to Activist: The Indirect Effect of Participation in Voluntary Associations on Civic Engagement1

Many analysts of civil society argue that the path from activity in voluntary associations to political participation is largely mediated—membership leads to unintentional political socialization through discussion and/or cognitive engagement, which then leads to participation. Others, however, have noted that groups are often effective in the direct mobilization of their members. This article tests these competing claims, while also considering the extent to which the mediation process relies on negative social capital (targeted requests for activity). Employing a series of structural equation models, I find strong support for the mediation argument, as well as for the perspective that negative social capital is a significant mediator in the pathway from social joiner to political activist.     

瑶族村规民约与国家制定法的关系——以广西金秀六巷为考察对象

瑶族是历史悠久、文化丰富的居住在我国南方的民族。本文通过对广西金秀瑶族自治县六巷瑶族村规民约的分析，指出受到瑶族固有习惯法影响的六巷瑶族村规民约与国家制定法基本一致，瑶族村规民约与国家制定法也存在冲突和矛盾方面，需要加强瑶族村规民约与国家制定法的协调。