Who participates? Socioeconomic Factors Associated with Women's Participation in Voluntary Groups

Participation in voluntary groups is potentially an important way to create health promoting social capital. This paper investigates women's participation in voluntary groups, utilising data from a postal survey of 968 female respondents and in‐depth interviews with 30 women. Logistic regression was conducted to examine factors associated with frequency of women's group involvement. Not working full time, living in a married relationship, and having a university education were all significantly associated with regular involvement. The qualitative data further illustrated some of the ways in which these three factors were linked with women's involvement in groups. We conclude that women who were able to regularly participate were those who already enjoyed levels of social and economic privilege. Policies to promote social capital via participation might focus on identifying what types of group involvement benefit women's health, and increasing the accessibility of such groups to include diverse groups of women.     

在江苏开展艾滋病自愿咨询检测(VCT)服务的思考

艾滋病自愿咨询检测(voluntary counseling and testing,VCT),是指人们在经过咨询以后能够对于是否做艾滋病检测做出自我选择的过程。开展VCT服务是进入艾滋病预防、治疗、心理社会支持和关怀工作的切入点和枢纽。在预防HIV的传播,对患者提供情感支持,减少对HIV感染者的歧视以及为感染者提供合适的治疗转诊服务等方面都具有重要意义。VCT服务在江苏的试点已显示出大众对此服务的强烈需求。如果当前能在全省广泛开展艾滋病自愿咨询检测服务,尽早发现感染者,并有针对性地开展各项干预措施,将对江苏省艾滋病防治产生积极作用。     

Solar panels, shovels and the 'Net: Selective uses of technology in the homesteading movement

Although the dystopian and utopian academic literature on technology present either a pessimistic or optimistic picture of its societal impact, people's everyday uses of technology often counter such views. This paper examines the selective uses of technology, and particularly communications technology, in the everyday practices of homesteaders, or members of the 'back to the land' movement in Bloomington, Indiana, USA. Using an ethnographic approach, this study analyzes how homesteaders' ideology of voluntary simplicity informs their complex, everyday engagement with technology.     

区域贸易协定对非协定成员国隐性歧视的分析

众多的区域贸易协定对WTO的多边贸易体制是好是坏,目前说法不一。但是,区域贸易协定具有歧视性是不用争辩的事实。然而,容易为人们所忽略的是区域贸易协定歧视的隐蔽性。该文通过对区域贸易协定造成的贸易转移、投资转移、保障措施过程中的责任转移和普惠制下的优惠待遇转移等4个方面的分析,探讨了区域贸易协定对非协定成员国带来的隐性歧视问题。     

Consumerism in Health Care: The Case of a U.K. Voluntary Sector HIV Prevention Organization

This paper examines the potential for, and the contradictions inherent in, voluntary sector health service providers acting as consumer representatives. The paper examines a U.K. gay men's HIV prevention organization to consider whether members are united by their experiences of using services, whether their work involves consumerist strategies, if so whether these are influential, and what tensions emerge from the dual provider/consumer role. Fieldwork was carried out in 1997–98, examining, via documents and interviews, activity between 1992 and 1997. Qualitative analysis was performed. Consumer action is shown to emerge not so much from abstract constructions of consumer interest, but more from the particularities of consumption, which become politicized more powerfully through their attachment to other interests and ideologies.     

Why Should We Be Bowling Alone? Results from a Belgian Survey on Civic Participation

In the literature on a possible decline of participation levels, several factors are invoked as alleged causes for this trend. Most prominent among these are generational replacement, the spread of television, rising geographic mobility, increasing time pressure, marital instability, and the decline of religious affiliations. In Bowling Alone, Robert Putnam (Bowling Alone: The Collapse and Revival of American Community, Simon and Schuster, New York, 2000) lends credibility to the claim that these factors are at least related to the decline of participation levels in the United States, and might even be regarded as an underlying cause. In this paper, the author assesses whether these variables also have a bearing on the participation level of the Belgian population. The analysis of a Belgian survey (N = 1341) shows that for most of the invoked causes, the relation is not significant, although the decline in religious affiliation does seem a likely candidate for further research. The paper closes with some suggestions for future research on civic engagement.     

现代刑法对古代刑法自首制度的继承与发展

清末修律是古代刑法与现代刑法的联结点,自首制度亦是如此;台湾地区刑法中的自首制度源自北洋政府颁行的《暂行新刑律》,并简作修改;内地建国前后的单行刑事法律和现行刑法都对自首制度作了规定,并明确规定了自首的概念和立功制度。现行刑法自首制度在自首的成立条件、从宽处罚等方面对古代刑法自首制度具有鲜明的继承性;同时在自首的定义、概念、自首方式、自首时间、投案对象、适用犯罪类型、从宽处罚等方面又有着显著的发展,体现了刑事立法技术和文明化程度的不断提高。     

我国社区志愿服务的品牌化发展探讨

我国学者多以企业的角度研究其品牌化发展,而对社区志愿服务为代表的公益服务品牌化发展的研究较少。坚持品牌化的特色发展道路,是社区志愿组织提高整体服务品质与服务能力,促进自身持续发展的必由之路。社区志愿服务品牌化发展必须明确政府职责,建设服务型政府,实行长远的品牌发展战略,创新志愿服务方式和加强社区志愿服务队伍建设,以实现社区志愿服务的持久开展和社会效益的扩张。     

‘Big Society’ in the UK: A Policy Review

Alongside the UK Coalition Government’s historic public spending cuts, the ‘Big Society’ has become a major narrative in UK political discourse. This article reviews key features of Big Society policies against their aims of rebalancing the economy and mending ‘Broken Britain’, with particular reference to their implications for children and young people, and for the voluntary and community sector working with them. Although many positives are acknowledged, flaws are identified in the lack of attention paid to the unique position of children in society, and in an inconsistent conceptualisation of the voluntary sector on which Big Society policies rely.     

论慈善中的“自愿”--以常州高校大学生为对象的检验

慈善作为一种道德活动,必须自愿。自愿是指在经济方面具有自由支配能力的主体基于自觉认识作出的自主决定。“自由支配”是慈善行为中“自愿”的客观条件,不具有自由支配地位的人,不具有实施慈善行为的能力;“自觉认识”系“自愿”的意识因素,没有建立在自觉认识基础上的慈善,是不自愿的;“自主决定”为“自愿”的意志因素,违背“自主决定”的所谓慈善,不应得到支持。对常州8所高校大学生的问卷调查显示,目前高校慈善行为中存在不自愿的现象,以后的高校慈善组织工作中应当加以改进。